VO vs. VUG

Last updated Aug 4, 2026

VO (Vanguard Mid-Cap ETF) and VUG (Vanguard Growth ETF) are both exchange-traded funds - VO is a Mid Cap Blend Equities fund tracking the CRSP US Mid Cap Index, while VUG is a Large Cap Growth Equities fund tracking the CRSP US Large Cap Growth Index. Both are passively managed. Over the past 10 years, VO returned 11.46%/yr vs 17.52%/yr for VUG. Their correlation of 0.87 means they have usually moved in the same direction. Both charge a 0.03% expense ratio.

Performance

VO vs. VUG - Performance Comparison

The chart below illustrates the hypothetical performance of a $10,000 investment in Vanguard Mid-Cap ETF (VO) and Vanguard Growth ETF (VUG). The values are adjusted to include any dividend payments, if applicable.

Returns By Period

In the year-to-date period, VO achieves a 13.50% return, which is significantly higher than VUG's 7.33% return. Over the past 10 years, VO has underperformed VUG with an annualized return of 11.46%, while VUG has yielded a comparatively higher 17.52% annualized return.

VO

• 1D: 1.03%
• 1M: 1.58%
• 6M: 10.76%
• YTD: 13.50%
• 1Y: 17.71%
• 3Y*: 15.53%
• 5Y*: 7.98%
• 10Y*: 11.46%
• ALL TIME*: 10.37%

VUG

• 1D: 2.21%
• 1M: 1.85%
• 6M: 8.45%
• YTD: 7.33%
• 1Y: 17.91%
• 3Y*: 23.28%
• 5Y*: 12.56%
• 10Y*: 17.52%
• ALL TIME*: 12.19%

*Multi-year figures are annualized to reflect compound growth (CAGR)

Liquidity Comparison

Position	Avg. Volume Value (2W)	Avg. Volume Value (1M)	Avg. Volume Value (3M)
VO Vanguard Mid-Cap ETF	$194.14M	$292.34M	$238.59M
VUG Vanguard Growth ETF	$562.97M	$645.16M	$657.53M

VO vs. VUG - Yearly Performance Comparison

	2026 (YTD)	2025	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017
VO Vanguard Mid-Cap ETF	13.50%	11.62%	15.31%	16.03%	-18.73%	24.70%	18.10%	30.98%	-9.24%	19.28%
VUG Vanguard Growth ETF	7.33%	19.40%	32.69%	46.83%	-33.16%	27.35%	40.25%	37.03%	-3.32%	27.72%

Correlation

The correlation between VO and VUG is 0.59, which is moderate. They have sometimes moved together and sometimes differently, sharing some price drivers without tracking each other closely.

	Correlation
Correlation (1Y) Focuses on recent behavior, but can change the most.	0.59
Correlation (3Y) Balances recent behavior with more history.	0.65
Correlation (5Y) Shows whether the relationship held over a longer period.	0.77
Correlation (10Y) Provides a long-term view across more market conditions.	0.80
Correlation (All Time) Calculated using the full available price history since Jan 30, 2004	0.87

Over the past year, the correlation between VO and VUG has dropped to 0.59 - well below their long-term average of 0.87, suggesting their price drivers have been diverging.

VO vs. VUG - Sectors Allocation Comparison

Sectors	VO	VUG
Industrials	19.9%	5.3%
Technology	18.2%	56.2%
Financial Services	13.1%	3.8%
Consumer Cyclical	9.0%	11.5%
Utilities	8.4%	0.7%
Healthcare	7.8%	4.7%
Energy	7.4%	0.3%
Real Estate	5.1%	1.0%
Consumer Defensive	4.6%	1.4%
Basic Materials	3.9%	0.5%
Communication Services	2.7%	15.4%

Return for Risk

VO vs. VUG — Risk / Return Rank

Compare historical risk-adjusted metric ranks over the past 12 months.

VO

VO Risk / Return Rank: 60
VO Sharpe Ratio Rank: 59
VO Sortino Ratio Rank: 59
VO Omega Ratio Rank: 57
VO Calmar Ratio Rank: 60
VO Martin Ratio Rank: 67

VUG

VUG Risk / Return Rank: 37
VUG Sharpe Ratio Rank: 40
VUG Sortino Ratio Rank: 39
VUG Omega Ratio Rank: 38
VUG Calmar Ratio Rank: 33
VUG Martin Ratio Rank: 35

The rank (0–100) uses a weighted average of the Sharpe, Sortino, Omega, Calmar, and Martin percentile ranks for the trailing 12 months. Higher means stronger historical risk-adjusted performance within the peer group.

VO vs. VUG - Risk-Adjusted Trends Comparison

This table presents a comparison of risk-adjusted performance metrics for Vanguard Mid-Cap ETF (VO) and Vanguard Growth ETF (VUG). Risk-adjusted metrics are performance indicators that assess an investment's returns in relation to its risk, enabling a more accurate comparison of different investment options.

Values are calculated on a 1-year rolling basis and updated daily. Risk-adjusted metrics are more stable over longer periods — use the period switch above to explore them.

	VO	VUG	Difference
Sharpe ratio: Return per unit of total volatility	1.42	1.01	+0.40
Sortino ratio: Return per unit of downside risk	2.04	1.48	+0.56
Omega ratio: Gain probability vs. loss probability	1.25	1.18	+0.07
Calmar ratio: Return relative to maximum drawdown	2.18	1.09	+1.09
Martin ratio: Return relative to average drawdown	8.33	3.45	+4.88

VO vs. VUG - Sharpe Ratio Comparison

The current VO Sharpe Ratio is 1.42, which is higher than the VUG Sharpe Ratio of 1.01. The chart below compares the historical Sharpe Ratios of VO and VUG, calculated using daily returns over the previous 12 months. A higher Sharpe Ratio indicates better risk-adjusted performance relative to the risk-free rate.

Drawdowns

VO vs. VUG - Drawdown Comparison

The maximum VO drawdown since its inception was -58.87%, which is greater than VUG's maximum drawdown of -50.68%. Use the drawdown chart below to compare losses from any high point for VO and VUG.

Drawdown Indicators

	VO	VUG	Difference
Max Drawdown Largest peak-to-trough decline	-58.87%	-50.68%	-8.19%
Max Drawdown (1Y) Largest decline over 1 year	-8.17%	-16.53%	+8.36%
Max Drawdown (3Y) Largest decline over 3 years	-19.02%	-22.85%	+3.83%
Max Drawdown (5Y) Largest decline over 5 years	-27.57%	-35.61%	+8.04%
Max Drawdown (10Y) Largest decline over 10 years	-39.37%	-35.61%	-3.76%
Current Drawdown Current decline from peak	0.00%	-3.45%	+3.45%
Average Drawdown Average peak-to-trough decline	-7.81%	-7.08%	-0.73%
Ulcer Index Depth and duration of drawdowns from previous peaks	2.13%	5.20%	-3.07%

Volatility

VO vs. VUG - Volatility Comparison

The current volatility for Vanguard Mid-Cap ETF (VO) is 2.31%, while Vanguard Growth ETF (VUG) has a volatility of 5.95%. This indicates that VO experiences smaller price fluctuations and is considered to be less risky than VUG based on this measure. The chart below showcases a comparison of their rolling one-month volatility.

Volatility by Period

	VO	VUG	Difference
Volatility (1M) Calculated over the trailing 1-month period	2.31%	5.95%	-3.64%
Volatility (6M) Calculated over the trailing 6-month period	9.42%	14.38%	-4.96%
Volatility (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	12.58%	17.76%	-5.18%
Volatility (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period, annualized	17.60%	22.52%	-4.92%
Volatility (10Y) Calculated over the trailing 10-year period, annualized	18.87%	21.57%	-2.70%

VO vs. VUG - Expense Ratio Comparison

Both VO and VUG have an expense ratio of 0.03%, making them cost-effective options compared to the broader market, where average expense ratios typically range from 0.3% to 0.9%.

Dividends

VO vs. VUG - Dividend Comparison

VO's dividend yield for the trailing twelve months is around 1.31%, more than VUG's 0.39% yield.

Position	TTM	2025	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017	2016	2015
VO Vanguard Mid-Cap ETF	1.31%	1.52%	1.49%	1.52%	1.60%	1.12%	1.45%	1.48%	1.82%	1.35%	1.45%	1.47%
VUG Vanguard Growth ETF	0.39%	0.41%	0.47%	0.58%	0.70%	0.48%	0.66%	0.95%	1.32%	1.14%	1.39%	1.30%

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I hold both VO and VUG in my portfolio?

VO and VUG have a correlation of 0.59, meaning they provide meaningful diversification benefit when combined. Depending on your allocation goals, holding both could reduce overall portfolio risk.

Which is riskier, VO or VUG?

VUG has higher volatility (5.95%) compared to VO (2.31%). In terms of maximum drawdown, VO dropped -58.87% vs VUG's -50.68%.

Which ETF is better, VO or VUG?

On 10-year performance, VUG leads with 17.52% vs 11.46% for VO. Both ETFs have the same 0.03% expense ratio. On volatility, VO has been the lower-risk option at 2.31%. The better choice depends on whether you care most about return, fees, risk, or income.

Which ETF has performed better, VO or VUG?

Over the 10-year period, VUG has performed better with a 17.52% return vs 11.46%. Past performance does not guarantee future results, so compare this with risk, fees, and fund exposure.

Which ETF is cheaper, VO or VUG?

VO and VUG have the same expense ratio: 0.03% per year.

Which ETF pays a higher dividend yield, VO or VUG?

VO has the higher dividend yield at 1.31%, compared with 0.39% for VUG.

What is the main difference between VO and VUG?

VO is categorized as Mid Cap Blend Equities, while VUG is Large Cap Growth Equities. VO tracks CRSP US Mid Cap Index, while VUG tracks CRSP US Large Cap Growth Index.

Which has better risk-adjusted returns?

VO currently has the higher Sharpe Ratio (1.42 vs 1.01), meaning it's delivered slightly more return per unit of risk over the trailing 12 months. However, this ranking shifts over time - use the Risk/Return Score above for a more comprehensive view that combines Sharpe, Sortino, and other measures used by quantitative funds.