VSS vs. VYM

Last updated Jun 4, 2026

VSS (Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap ETF) and VYM (Vanguard High Dividend Yield ETF) are both exchange-traded funds - VSS is a Foreign Small & Mid Cap Equities fund tracking the FTSE Global Small Cap ex US Index, while VYM is a Dividend fund tracking the FTSE High Dividend Yield Index. Both are passively managed. Over the past 10 years, VSS returned 8.07%/yr vs 11.90%/yr for VYM. A 0.75 correlation means they provide meaningful diversification when combined. VSS charges 0.07%/yr vs 0.04%/yr for VYM.

Performance

VSS vs. VYM - Performance Comparison

The chart below illustrates the hypothetical performance of a $10,000 investment in Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap ETF (VSS) and Vanguard High Dividend Yield ETF (VYM). The values are adjusted to include any dividend payments, if applicable.

Returns By Period

In the year-to-date period, VSS achieves a 10.57% return, which is significantly lower than VYM's 12.47% return. Over the past 10 years, VSS has underperformed VYM with an annualized return of 8.07%, while VYM has yielded a comparatively higher 11.90% annualized return.

VSS

• 1D: -1.12%
• 1M: 1.27%
• YTD: 10.57%
• 6M: 13.10%
• 1Y: 27.32%
• 3Y*: 16.67%
• 5Y*: 5.76%
• 10Y*: 8.07%

VYM

• 1D: -0.43%
• 1M: 3.38%
• YTD: 12.47%
• 6M: 12.01%
• 1Y: 26.16%
• 3Y*: 18.88%
• 5Y*: 11.48%
• 10Y*: 11.90%

*Multi-year figures are annualized to reflect compound growth (CAGR)

VSS vs. VYM - Yearly Performance Comparison

	2026 (YTD)	2025	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017
VSS Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap ETF	10.57%	29.61%	2.94%	15.52%	-21.48%	13.05%	11.81%	21.36%	-18.48%	30.61%
VYM Vanguard High Dividend Yield ETF	12.47%	15.42%	17.60%	6.57%	-0.43%	26.20%	1.15%	24.06%	-5.92%	16.42%

Correlation

The correlation between VSS and VYM is 0.64, which is moderate. They share some common price drivers but move independently often enough to provide real diversification benefit when combined.

	Correlation
Correlation (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	0.64
Correlation (3Y) Calculated over the trailing 3-year period	0.66
Correlation (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period	0.70
Correlation (10Y) Calculated over the trailing 10-year period	0.70
Correlation (All Time) Calculated using the full available price history since Apr 7, 2009	0.75

The correlation between VSS and VYM shifts across timeframes, from 0.64 (1 year) to 0.75 (all time), reflecting how their relationship changes across market environments.

VSS vs. VYM - Sectors Allocation Comparison

Sectors	VSS	VYM
Industrials	18.7%	12.1%
Technology	13.3%	17.7%
Basic Materials	12.1%	3.5%
Financial Services	10.8%	20.5%
Consumer Cyclical	9.3%	6.7%
Real Estate	7.3%	0.0%
Healthcare	6.2%	12.2%
Energy	4.9%	9.8%
Consumer Defensive	3.4%	8.1%
Utilities	2.5%	5.7%
Communication Services	2.3%	3.5%

Return for Risk

VSS vs. VYM — Risk / Return Rank

Compare risk-adjusted metric ranks to identify better-performing investments over the past 12 months.

VSS

VSS Risk / Return Rank: 51
VSS Sharpe Ratio Rank: 53
VSS Sortino Ratio Rank: 51
VSS Omega Ratio Rank: 54
VSS Calmar Ratio Rank: 47
VSS Martin Ratio Rank: 53

VYM

VYM Risk / Return Rank: 77
VYM Sharpe Ratio Rank: 77
VYM Sortino Ratio Rank: 80
VYM Omega Ratio Rank: 76
VYM Calmar Ratio Rank: 76
VYM Martin Ratio Rank: 75

The rank (0–100) shows how this investment's returns compare to the risk taken. Higher = better. Based on the past 12 months of data, combining Sharpe, Sortino, and other metrics used by quantitative funds and institutional investors.

VSS vs. VYM - Risk-Adjusted Trends Comparison

This table presents a comparison of risk-adjusted performance metrics for Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap ETF (VSS) and Vanguard High Dividend Yield ETF (VYM). Risk-adjusted metrics are performance indicators that assess an investment's returns in relation to its risk, enabling a more accurate comparison of different investment options.

	VSS	VYM	Difference
Sharpe ratio: Return per unit of total volatility	1.85	2.56	-0.71
Sortino ratio: Return per unit of downside risk	2.54	3.65	-1.11
Omega ratio: Gain probability vs. loss probability	1.34	1.46	-0.12
Calmar ratio: Return relative to maximum drawdown	2.36	3.93	-1.56
Martin ratio: Return relative to average drawdown	9.13	14.76	-5.63
Data is calculated on a 1-year rolling basis and updated daily. The trend shows the change in the indicator over the past month.

VSS vs. VYM - Sharpe Ratio Comparison

The current VSS Sharpe Ratio is 1.85, which is comparable to the VYM Sharpe Ratio of 2.56. The chart below compares the historical Sharpe Ratios of VSS and VYM, calculated using daily returns over the previous 12 months. A higher Sharpe Ratio indicates better risk-adjusted performance relative to the risk-free rate.

Sharpe Ratios by Period

	VSS	VYM	Difference
Sharpe Ratio (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	1.85	2.56	-0.71
Sharpe Ratio (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period	0.35	0.83	-0.47
Sharpe Ratio (10Y) Calculated over the trailing 10-year period	0.47	0.73	-0.26
Sharpe Ratio (All Time) Calculated using the full available price history	0.55	0.51	+0.04

Drawdowns

VSS vs. VYM - Drawdown Comparison

The maximum VSS drawdown since its inception was -43.51%, smaller than the maximum VYM drawdown of -56.98%. Use the drawdown chart below to compare losses from any high point for VSS and VYM.

Drawdown Indicators

	VSS	VYM	Difference
Max Drawdown Largest peak-to-trough decline	-43.51%	-56.98%	+13.47%
Max Drawdown (1Y) Largest decline over 1 year	-11.62%	-6.69%	-4.93%
Max Drawdown (3Y) Largest decline over 3 years	-15.73%	-14.46%	-1.27%
Max Drawdown (5Y) Largest decline over 5 years	-33.93%	-15.84%	-18.09%
Max Drawdown (10Y) Largest decline over 10 years	-43.51%	-35.21%	-8.30%
Current Drawdown Current decline from peak	-2.58%	-0.43%	-2.15%
Average Drawdown Average peak-to-trough decline	-9.64%	-7.19%	-2.45%
Ulcer Index Depth and duration of drawdowns from previous peaks	3.00%	1.78%	+1.22%

Volatility

VSS vs. VYM - Volatility Comparison

Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap ETF (VSS) has a higher volatility of 5.33% compared to Vanguard High Dividend Yield ETF (VYM) at 2.77%. This indicates that VSS's price experiences larger fluctuations and is considered to be riskier than VYM based on this measure. The chart below showcases a comparison of their rolling one-month volatility.

Volatility by Period

	VSS	VYM	Difference
Volatility (1M) Calculated over the trailing 1-month period	5.33%	2.77%	+2.56%
Volatility (6M) Calculated over the trailing 6-month period	12.64%	7.67%	+4.97%
Volatility (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	14.81%	10.28%	+4.53%
Volatility (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period, annualized	16.46%	13.96%	+2.50%
Volatility (10Y) Calculated over the trailing 10-year period, annualized	17.27%	16.34%	+0.93%

VSS vs. VYM - Expense Ratio Comparison

VSS has a 0.07% expense ratio, which is higher than VYM's 0.04% expense ratio. However, both funds are considered low-cost compared to the broader market, where average expense ratios usually range from 0.3% to 0.9%.

Dividends

VSS vs. VYM - Dividend Comparison

VSS's dividend yield for the trailing twelve months is around 3.07%, more than VYM's 2.19% yield.

Position	TTM	2025	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017	2016	2015
VSS Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap ETF	3.07%	3.39%	3.44%	3.14%	2.30%	2.74%	1.90%	3.25%	2.80%	2.83%	2.93%	2.66%
VYM Vanguard High Dividend Yield ETF	2.19%	2.44%	2.74%	3.12%	3.01%	2.76%	3.18%	3.03%	3.40%	2.80%	2.91%	3.22%

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I hold both VSS and VYM in my portfolio?

VSS and VYM have a correlation of 0.64, meaning they provide meaningful diversification benefit when combined. Depending on your allocation goals, holding both could reduce overall portfolio risk.

Which is riskier, VSS or VYM?

VSS has higher volatility (5.33%) compared to VYM (2.77%). In terms of maximum drawdown, VSS dropped -43.51% vs VYM's -56.98%.

Which ETF is better, VSS or VYM?

On 10-year performance, VYM leads with 11.90% vs 8.07% for VSS. On fees, VYM is cheaper at 0.04% per year. On volatility, VYM has been the lower-risk option at 2.77%. The better choice depends on whether you care most about return, fees, risk, or income.

Which ETF has performed better, VSS or VYM?

Over the 10-year period, VYM has performed better with a 11.90% return vs 8.07%. Past performance does not guarantee future results, so compare this with risk, fees, and fund exposure.

Which ETF is cheaper, VSS or VYM?

VYM is cheaper with a 0.04% expense ratio, compared with 0.07% for VSS.

Which ETF pays a higher dividend yield, VSS or VYM?

VSS has the higher dividend yield at 3.07%, compared with 2.19% for VYM.

What is the main difference between VSS and VYM?

VSS is categorized as Foreign Small & Mid Cap Equities, while VYM is Dividend. VSS tracks FTSE Global Small Cap ex US Index, while VYM tracks FTSE High Dividend Yield Index. Their fees differ too: 0.07% for VSS and 0.04% for VYM.

Which has better risk-adjusted returns?

VYM currently has the higher Sharpe Ratio (2.56 vs 1.85), meaning it's delivered slightly more return per unit of risk over the trailing 12 months. However, this ranking shifts over time - use the Risk/Return Score above for a more comprehensive view that combines Sharpe, Sortino, and other measures used by quantitative funds.