VTI vs. QQQM

Last updated Jun 5, 2026

VTI (Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF) and QQQM (Invesco NASDAQ 100 ETF) are both exchange-traded funds - VTI is a Large Cap Blend Equities fund tracking the CRSP US Total Market Index, while QQQM is a Nasdaq-100 fund tracking the NASDAQ-100 Index. Both are passively managed. Over the past 5 years, VTI returned 12.80%/yr vs 17.94%/yr for QQQM. Their correlation of 0.91 suggests significant overlap in exposure. VTI charges 0.03%/yr vs 0.15%/yr for QQQM.

Performance

VTI vs. QQQM - Performance Comparison

The chart below illustrates the hypothetical performance of a $10,000 investment in Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF (VTI) and Invesco NASDAQ 100 ETF (QQQM). The values are adjusted to include any dividend payments, if applicable.

Returns By Period

In the year-to-date period, VTI achieves a 11.72% return, which is significantly lower than QQQM's 20.73% return.

VTI

• 1D: 0.47%
• 1M: 4.59%
• YTD: 11.72%
• 6M: 11.43%
• 1Y: 28.79%
• 3Y*: 22.37%
• 5Y*: 12.80%
• 10Y*: 15.04%

QQQM

• 1D: -0.54%
• 1M: 8.67%
• YTD: 20.73%
• 6M: 19.22%
• 1Y: 40.83%
• 3Y*: 28.64%
• 5Y*: 17.94%
• 10Y*: —

*Multi-year figures are annualized to reflect compound growth (CAGR)

VTI vs. QQQM - Yearly Performance Comparison

	2026 (YTD)	2025	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
VTI Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF	11.72%	17.10%	23.81%	26.05%	-19.52%	25.68%	9.18%
QQQM Invesco NASDAQ 100 ETF	20.73%	20.85%	25.68%	55.01%	-32.52%	27.45%	6.67%

Correlation

The correlation between VTI and QQQM is 0.92, indicating a strong positive relationship between their price movements. Combining them offers limited diversification - they tend to fall together during downturns.

	Correlation
Correlation (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	0.92
Correlation (3Y) Calculated over the trailing 3-year period	0.92
Correlation (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period	0.93
Correlation (All Time) Calculated using the full available price history since Oct 14, 2020	0.91

The correlation between VTI and QQQM has been stable across timeframes, ranging from 0.91 to 0.93 - a consistent structural relationship.

VTI vs. QQQM - Sectors Allocation Comparison

Sectors	VTI	QQQM
Technology	33.5%	53.8%
Financial Services	12.0%	0.2%
Communication Services	10.3%	15.8%
Consumer Cyclical	10.0%	12.3%
Industrials	9.8%	2.8%
Healthcare	9.2%	4.2%
Consumer Defensive	4.7%	7.7%
Energy	3.7%	0.6%
Real Estate	2.4%	0.1%
Utilities	2.3%	1.4%
Basic Materials	2.0%	1.1%

Return for Risk

VTI vs. QQQM — Risk / Return Rank

Compare risk-adjusted metric ranks to identify better-performing investments over the past 12 months.

VTI

VTI Risk / Return Rank: 73
VTI Sharpe Ratio Rank: 74
VTI Sortino Ratio Rank: 73
VTI Omega Ratio Rank: 73
VTI Calmar Ratio Rank: 66
VTI Martin Ratio Rank: 78

QQQM

QQQM Risk / Return Rank: 75
QQQM Sharpe Ratio Rank: 81
QQQM Sortino Ratio Rank: 76
QQQM Omega Ratio Rank: 75
QQQM Calmar Ratio Rank: 70
QQQM Martin Ratio Rank: 71

The rank (0–100) shows how this investment's returns compare to the risk taken. Higher = better. Based on the past 12 months of data, combining Sharpe, Sortino, and other metrics used by quantitative funds and institutional investors.

VTI vs. QQQM - Risk-Adjusted Trends Comparison

This table presents a comparison of risk-adjusted performance metrics for Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF (VTI) and Invesco NASDAQ 100 ETF (QQQM). Risk-adjusted metrics are performance indicators that assess an investment's returns in relation to its risk, enabling a more accurate comparison of different investment options.

	VTI	QQQM	Difference
Sharpe ratio: Return per unit of total volatility	2.38	2.58	-0.20
Sortino ratio: Return per unit of downside risk	3.24	3.38	-0.14
Omega ratio: Gain probability vs. loss probability	1.43	1.44	-0.02
Calmar ratio: Return relative to maximum drawdown	3.24	3.43	-0.19
Martin ratio: Return relative to average drawdown	14.94	13.15	+1.79
Data is calculated on a 1-year rolling basis and updated daily. The trend shows the change in the indicator over the past month.

VTI vs. QQQM - Sharpe Ratio Comparison

The current VTI Sharpe Ratio is 2.38, which is comparable to the QQQM Sharpe Ratio of 2.58. The chart below compares the historical Sharpe Ratios of VTI and QQQM, calculated using daily returns over the previous 12 months. A higher Sharpe Ratio indicates better risk-adjusted performance relative to the risk-free rate.

Sharpe Ratios by Period

	VTI	QQQM	Difference
Sharpe Ratio (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	2.38	2.58	-0.20
Sharpe Ratio (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period	0.74	0.81	-0.07
Sharpe Ratio (10Y) Calculated over the trailing 10-year period	0.82	—	—
Sharpe Ratio (All Time) Calculated using the full available price history	0.51	0.84	-0.33

Drawdowns

VTI vs. QQQM - Drawdown Comparison

The maximum VTI drawdown since its inception was -55.45%, which is greater than QQQM's maximum drawdown of -35.04%. Use the drawdown chart below to compare losses from any high point for VTI and QQQM.

Drawdown Indicators

	VTI	QQQM	Difference
Max Drawdown Largest peak-to-trough decline	-55.45%	-35.04%	-20.41%
Max Drawdown (1Y) Largest decline over 1 year	-8.92%	-11.96%	+3.04%
Max Drawdown (3Y) Largest decline over 3 years	-19.30%	-22.70%	+3.40%
Max Drawdown (5Y) Largest decline over 5 years	-25.36%	-35.04%	+9.68%
Max Drawdown (10Y) Largest decline over 10 years	-35.00%	—	—
Current Drawdown Current decline from peak	-0.26%	-0.75%	+0.49%
Average Drawdown Average peak-to-trough decline	-8.03%	-8.24%	+0.21%
Ulcer Index Depth and duration of drawdowns from previous peaks	1.93%	3.11%	-1.18%

Volatility

VTI vs. QQQM - Volatility Comparison

The current volatility for Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF (VTI) is 2.90%, while Invesco NASDAQ 100 ETF (QQQM) has a volatility of 4.51%. This indicates that VTI experiences smaller price fluctuations and is considered to be less risky than QQQM based on this measure. The chart below showcases a comparison of their rolling one-month volatility.

Volatility by Period

	VTI	QQQM	Difference
Volatility (1M) Calculated over the trailing 1-month period	2.90%	4.51%	-1.61%
Volatility (6M) Calculated over the trailing 6-month period	9.13%	12.06%	-2.93%
Volatility (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	12.17%	15.91%	-3.74%
Volatility (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period, annualized	17.40%	22.23%	-4.83%
Volatility (10Y) Calculated over the trailing 10-year period, annualized	18.30%	22.11%	-3.81%

VTI vs. QQQM - Expense Ratio Comparison

VTI has a 0.03% expense ratio, which is lower than QQQM's 0.15% expense ratio. Despite the difference, both funds are considered low-cost compared to the broader market, where average expense ratios usually range from 0.3% to 0.9%.

Dividends

VTI vs. QQQM - Dividend Comparison

VTI's dividend yield for the trailing twelve months is around 1.01%, more than QQQM's 0.42% yield.

Position	TTM	2025	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017	2016	2015
QQQM Invesco NASDAQ 100 ETF	0.42%	0.50%	0.61%	0.65%	0.83%	0.40%	0.16%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
VTI Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF	1.01%	1.12%	1.27%	1.44%	1.66%	1.21%	1.42%	1.78%	2.04%	1.71%	1.92%	1.98%

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I hold both VTI and QQQM in my portfolio?

With a correlation of 0.92, VTI and QQQM move almost identically. Holding both adds very little diversification - you're essentially doubling your position in the same market segment. Choosing one is usually more capital-efficient.

Which is riskier, VTI or QQQM?

QQQM has higher volatility (4.51%) compared to VTI (2.90%). In terms of maximum drawdown, VTI dropped -55.45% vs QQQM's -35.04%.

Which ETF is better, VTI or QQQM?

On 5-year performance, QQQM leads with 17.94% vs 12.80% for VTI. On fees, VTI is cheaper at 0.03% per year. On volatility, VTI has been the lower-risk option at 2.90%. The better choice depends on whether you care most about return, fees, risk, or income.

Which ETF has performed better, VTI or QQQM?

Over the 5-year period, QQQM has performed better with a 17.94% return vs 12.80%. Past performance does not guarantee future results, so compare this with risk, fees, and fund exposure.

Which ETF is cheaper, VTI or QQQM?

VTI is cheaper with a 0.03% expense ratio, compared with 0.15% for QQQM.

Which ETF pays a higher dividend yield, VTI or QQQM?

VTI has the higher dividend yield at 1.01%, compared with 0.42% for QQQM.

What is the main difference between VTI and QQQM?

VTI is categorized as Large Cap Blend Equities, while QQQM is Nasdaq-100. VTI tracks CRSP US Total Market Index, while QQQM tracks NASDAQ-100 Index. They also come from different issuers: Vanguard and Invesco. Their fees differ too: 0.03% for VTI and 0.15% for QQQM.

Which has better risk-adjusted returns?

QQQM currently has the higher Sharpe Ratio (2.58 vs 2.38), meaning it's delivered slightly more return per unit of risk over the trailing 12 months. However, this ranking shifts over time - use the Risk/Return Score above for a more comprehensive view that combines Sharpe, Sortino, and other measures used by quantitative funds.