VSS vs. VTI

Last updated Jun 4, 2026

VSS (Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap ETF) and VTI (Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF) are both exchange-traded funds - VSS is a Foreign Small & Mid Cap Equities fund tracking the FTSE Global Small Cap ex US Index, while VTI is a Large Cap Blend Equities fund tracking the CRSP US Total Market Index. Both are passively managed. Over the past 10 years, VSS returned 8.07%/yr vs 15.05%/yr for VTI. Their correlation of 0.80 suggests significant overlap in exposure. VSS charges 0.07%/yr vs 0.03%/yr for VTI.

Performance

VSS vs. VTI - Performance Comparison

The chart below illustrates the hypothetical performance of a $10,000 investment in Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap ETF (VSS) and Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF (VTI). The values are adjusted to include any dividend payments, if applicable.

Returns By Period

In the year-to-date period, VSS achieves a 10.57% return, which is significantly lower than VTI's 11.20% return. Over the past 10 years, VSS has underperformed VTI with an annualized return of 8.07%, while VTI has yielded a comparatively higher 15.05% annualized return.

VSS

• 1D: -1.12%
• 1M: 1.27%
• YTD: 10.57%
• 6M: 13.10%
• 1Y: 27.32%
• 3Y*: 16.67%
• 5Y*: 5.76%
• 10Y*: 8.07%

VTI

• 1D: -0.72%
• 1M: 4.99%
• YTD: 11.20%
• 6M: 11.09%
• 1Y: 28.18%
• 3Y*: 22.07%
• 5Y*: 12.69%
• 10Y*: 15.05%

*Multi-year figures are annualized to reflect compound growth (CAGR)

VSS vs. VTI - Yearly Performance Comparison

	2026 (YTD)	2025	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017
VSS Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap ETF	10.57%	29.61%	2.94%	15.52%	-21.48%	13.05%	11.81%	21.36%	-18.48%	30.61%
VTI Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF	11.20%	17.10%	23.81%	26.05%	-19.52%	25.68%	21.08%	30.67%	-5.23%	21.21%

Correlation

The correlation between VSS and VTI is 0.77, which is moderate. They share some common price drivers but move independently often enough to provide real diversification benefit when combined.

	Correlation
Correlation (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	0.77
Correlation (3Y) Calculated over the trailing 3-year period	0.73
Correlation (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period	0.77
Correlation (10Y) Calculated over the trailing 10-year period	0.78
Correlation (All Time) Calculated using the full available price history since Apr 7, 2009	0.80

The correlation between VSS and VTI has been stable across timeframes, ranging from 0.73 to 0.80 - a consistent structural relationship.

VSS vs. VTI - Sectors Allocation Comparison

Sectors	VSS	VTI
Industrials	18.7%	9.8%
Technology	13.3%	33.5%
Basic Materials	12.1%	2.0%
Financial Services	10.8%	12.0%
Consumer Cyclical	9.3%	10.0%
Real Estate	7.3%	2.4%
Healthcare	6.2%	9.2%
Energy	4.9%	3.7%
Consumer Defensive	3.4%	4.7%
Utilities	2.5%	2.3%
Communication Services	2.3%	10.3%

Return for Risk

VSS vs. VTI — Risk / Return Rank

Compare risk-adjusted metric ranks to identify better-performing investments over the past 12 months.

VSS

VSS Risk / Return Rank: 51
VSS Sharpe Ratio Rank: 53
VSS Sortino Ratio Rank: 51
VSS Omega Ratio Rank: 54
VSS Calmar Ratio Rank: 47
VSS Martin Ratio Rank: 53

VTI

VTI Risk / Return Rank: 68
VTI Sharpe Ratio Rank: 69
VTI Sortino Ratio Rank: 68
VTI Omega Ratio Rank: 67
VTI Calmar Ratio Rank: 62
VTI Martin Ratio Rank: 75

The rank (0–100) shows how this investment's returns compare to the risk taken. Higher = better. Based on the past 12 months of data, combining Sharpe, Sortino, and other metrics used by quantitative funds and institutional investors.

VSS vs. VTI - Risk-Adjusted Trends Comparison

This table presents a comparison of risk-adjusted performance metrics for Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap ETF (VSS) and Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF (VTI). Risk-adjusted metrics are performance indicators that assess an investment's returns in relation to its risk, enabling a more accurate comparison of different investment options.

	VSS	VTI	Difference
Sharpe ratio: Return per unit of total volatility	1.85	2.33	-0.47
Sortino ratio: Return per unit of downside risk	2.54	3.18	-0.64
Omega ratio: Gain probability vs. loss probability	1.34	1.42	-0.08
Calmar ratio: Return relative to maximum drawdown	2.36	3.17	-0.81
Martin ratio: Return relative to average drawdown	9.13	14.62	-5.49
Data is calculated on a 1-year rolling basis and updated daily. The trend shows the change in the indicator over the past month.

VSS vs. VTI - Sharpe Ratio Comparison

The current VSS Sharpe Ratio is 1.85, which is comparable to the VTI Sharpe Ratio of 2.33. The chart below compares the historical Sharpe Ratios of VSS and VTI, calculated using daily returns over the previous 12 months. A higher Sharpe Ratio indicates better risk-adjusted performance relative to the risk-free rate.

Sharpe Ratios by Period

	VSS	VTI	Difference
Sharpe Ratio (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	1.85	2.33	-0.47
Sharpe Ratio (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period	0.35	0.73	-0.38
Sharpe Ratio (10Y) Calculated over the trailing 10-year period	0.47	0.82	-0.36
Sharpe Ratio (All Time) Calculated using the full available price history	0.55	0.51	+0.04

Drawdowns

VSS vs. VTI - Drawdown Comparison

The maximum VSS drawdown since its inception was -43.51%, smaller than the maximum VTI drawdown of -55.45%. Use the drawdown chart below to compare losses from any high point for VSS and VTI.

Drawdown Indicators

	VSS	VTI	Difference
Max Drawdown Largest peak-to-trough decline	-43.51%	-55.45%	+11.94%
Max Drawdown (1Y) Largest decline over 1 year	-11.62%	-8.92%	-2.70%
Max Drawdown (3Y) Largest decline over 3 years	-15.73%	-19.30%	+3.57%
Max Drawdown (5Y) Largest decline over 5 years	-33.93%	-25.36%	-8.57%
Max Drawdown (10Y) Largest decline over 10 years	-43.51%	-35.00%	-8.51%
Current Drawdown Current decline from peak	-2.58%	-0.72%	-1.86%
Average Drawdown Average peak-to-trough decline	-9.64%	-8.03%	-1.61%
Ulcer Index Depth and duration of drawdowns from previous peaks	3.00%	1.93%	+1.07%

Volatility

VSS vs. VTI - Volatility Comparison

Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap ETF (VSS) has a higher volatility of 5.33% compared to Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF (VTI) at 2.96%. This indicates that VSS's price experiences larger fluctuations and is considered to be riskier than VTI based on this measure. The chart below showcases a comparison of their rolling one-month volatility.

Volatility by Period

	VSS	VTI	Difference
Volatility (1M) Calculated over the trailing 1-month period	5.33%	2.96%	+2.37%
Volatility (6M) Calculated over the trailing 6-month period	12.64%	9.13%	+3.51%
Volatility (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	14.81%	12.17%	+2.64%
Volatility (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period, annualized	16.46%	17.40%	-0.94%
Volatility (10Y) Calculated over the trailing 10-year period, annualized	17.27%	18.30%	-1.03%

VSS vs. VTI - Expense Ratio Comparison

VSS has a 0.07% expense ratio, which is higher than VTI's 0.03% expense ratio. However, both funds are considered low-cost compared to the broader market, where average expense ratios usually range from 0.3% to 0.9%.

Dividends

VSS vs. VTI - Dividend Comparison

VSS's dividend yield for the trailing twelve months is around 3.07%, more than VTI's 1.01% yield.

Position	TTM	2025	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017	2016	2015
VSS Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap ETF	3.07%	3.39%	3.44%	3.14%	2.30%	2.74%	1.90%	3.25%	2.80%	2.83%	2.93%	2.66%
VTI Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF	1.01%	1.12%	1.27%	1.44%	1.66%	1.21%	1.42%	1.78%	2.04%	1.71%	1.92%	1.98%

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I hold both VSS and VTI in my portfolio?

VSS and VTI have a correlation of 0.77, meaning they provide meaningful diversification benefit when combined. Depending on your allocation goals, holding both could reduce overall portfolio risk.

Which is riskier, VSS or VTI?

VSS has higher volatility (5.33%) compared to VTI (2.96%). In terms of maximum drawdown, VSS dropped -43.51% vs VTI's -55.45%.

Which ETF is better, VSS or VTI?

On 10-year performance, VTI leads with 15.05% vs 8.07% for VSS. On fees, VTI is cheaper at 0.03% per year. On volatility, VTI has been the lower-risk option at 2.96%. The better choice depends on whether you care most about return, fees, risk, or income.

Which ETF has performed better, VSS or VTI?

Over the 10-year period, VTI has performed better with a 15.05% return vs 8.07%. Past performance does not guarantee future results, so compare this with risk, fees, and fund exposure.

Which ETF is cheaper, VSS or VTI?

VTI is cheaper with a 0.03% expense ratio, compared with 0.07% for VSS.

Which ETF pays a higher dividend yield, VSS or VTI?

VSS has the higher dividend yield at 3.07%, compared with 1.01% for VTI.

What is the main difference between VSS and VTI?

VSS is categorized as Foreign Small & Mid Cap Equities, while VTI is Large Cap Blend Equities. VSS tracks FTSE Global Small Cap ex US Index, while VTI tracks CRSP US Total Market Index. Their fees differ too: 0.07% for VSS and 0.03% for VTI.

Which has better risk-adjusted returns?

VTI currently has the higher Sharpe Ratio (2.33 vs 1.85), meaning it's delivered slightly more return per unit of risk over the trailing 12 months. However, this ranking shifts over time - use the Risk/Return Score above for a more comprehensive view that combines Sharpe, Sortino, and other measures used by quantitative funds.