VSS vs. VIOO

Last updated Jun 4, 2026

VSS (Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap ETF) and VIOO (Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 ETF) are both exchange-traded funds - VSS is a Foreign Small & Mid Cap Equities fund tracking the FTSE Global Small Cap ex US Index, while VIOO is a Small Cap Blend Equities fund tracking the S&P SmallCap 600 Index. Both are passively managed. Over the past 10 years, VSS returned 8.07%/yr vs 10.67%/yr for VIOO. A 0.70 correlation means they provide meaningful diversification when combined. VSS charges 0.07%/yr vs 0.10%/yr for VIOO.

Performance

VSS vs. VIOO - Performance Comparison

The chart below illustrates the hypothetical performance of a $10,000 investment in Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap ETF (VSS) and Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 ETF (VIOO). The values are adjusted to include any dividend payments, if applicable.

Returns By Period

In the year-to-date period, VSS achieves a 10.57% return, which is significantly lower than VIOO's 15.34% return. Over the past 10 years, VSS has underperformed VIOO with an annualized return of 8.07%, while VIOO has yielded a comparatively higher 10.67% annualized return.

VSS

• 1D: -1.12%
• 1M: 1.27%
• YTD: 10.57%
• 6M: 13.10%
• 1Y: 27.32%
• 3Y*: 16.67%
• 5Y*: 5.76%
• 10Y*: 8.07%

VIOO

• 1D: -0.88%
• 1M: 1.64%
• YTD: 15.34%
• 6M: 14.20%
• 1Y: 31.68%
• 3Y*: 14.40%
• 5Y*: 5.66%
• 10Y*: 10.67%

*Multi-year figures are annualized to reflect compound growth (CAGR)

VSS vs. VIOO - Yearly Performance Comparison

	2026 (YTD)	2025	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017
VSS Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap ETF	10.57%	29.61%	2.94%	15.52%	-21.48%	13.05%	11.81%	21.36%	-18.48%	30.61%
VIOO Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 ETF	15.34%	6.04%	8.48%	16.16%	-16.26%	26.79%	11.47%	22.68%	-8.65%	13.16%

Correlation

The correlation between VSS and VIOO is 0.66, which is moderate. They share some common price drivers but move independently often enough to provide real diversification benefit when combined.

	Correlation
Correlation (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	0.66
Correlation (3Y) Calculated over the trailing 3-year period	0.68
Correlation (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period	0.72
Correlation (10Y) Calculated over the trailing 10-year period	0.70
Correlation (All Time) Calculated using the full available price history since Sep 10, 2010	0.70

The correlation between VSS and VIOO has been stable across timeframes, ranging from 0.66 to 0.72 - a consistent structural relationship.

VSS vs. VIOO - Sectors Allocation Comparison

Sectors	VSS	VIOO
Industrials	18.7%	15.5%
Technology	13.3%	15.5%
Basic Materials	12.1%	5.1%
Financial Services	10.8%	16.9%
Consumer Cyclical	9.3%	13.4%
Real Estate	7.3%	7.7%
Healthcare	6.2%	11.0%
Energy	4.9%	5.9%
Consumer Defensive	3.4%	3.5%
Utilities	2.5%	2.0%
Communication Services	2.3%	3.6%

Return for Risk

VSS vs. VIOO — Risk / Return Rank

Compare risk-adjusted metric ranks to identify better-performing investments over the past 12 months.

VSS

VSS Risk / Return Rank: 51
VSS Sharpe Ratio Rank: 53
VSS Sortino Ratio Rank: 51
VSS Omega Ratio Rank: 54
VSS Calmar Ratio Rank: 47
VSS Martin Ratio Rank: 53

VIOO

VIOO Risk / Return Rank: 58
VIOO Sharpe Ratio Rank: 52
VIOO Sortino Ratio Rank: 54
VIOO Omega Ratio Rank: 49
VIOO Calmar Ratio Rank: 72
VIOO Martin Ratio Rank: 65

The rank (0–100) shows how this investment's returns compare to the risk taken. Higher = better. Based on the past 12 months of data, combining Sharpe, Sortino, and other metrics used by quantitative funds and institutional investors.

VSS vs. VIOO - Risk-Adjusted Trends Comparison

This table presents a comparison of risk-adjusted performance metrics for Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap ETF (VSS) and Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 ETF (VIOO). Risk-adjusted metrics are performance indicators that assess an investment's returns in relation to its risk, enabling a more accurate comparison of different investment options.

	VSS	VIOO	Difference
Sharpe ratio Return per unit of total volatility	1.85	1.82	+0.04
Sortino ratio Return per unit of downside risk	2.54	2.64	-0.10
Omega ratio Gain probability vs. loss probability	1.34	1.31	+0.03
Calmar ratio Return relative to maximum drawdown	2.36	3.63	-1.27
Martin ratio Return relative to average drawdown	9.13	12.14	-3.01
Data is calculated on a 1-year rolling basis and updated daily. The trend shows the change in the indicator over the past month.

VSS vs. VIOO - Sharpe Ratio Comparison

The current VSS Sharpe Ratio is 1.85, which is comparable to the VIOO Sharpe Ratio of 1.82. The chart below compares the historical Sharpe Ratios of VSS and VIOO, calculated using daily returns over the previous 12 months. A higher Sharpe Ratio indicates better risk-adjusted performance relative to the risk-free rate.

Sharpe Ratios by Period

	VSS	VIOO	Difference
Sharpe Ratio (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	1.85	1.82	+0.04
Sharpe Ratio (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period	0.35	0.27	+0.09
Sharpe Ratio (10Y) Calculated over the trailing 10-year period	0.47	0.47	0.00
Sharpe Ratio (All Time) Calculated using the full available price history	0.55	0.57	-0.03

Drawdowns

VSS vs. VIOO - Drawdown Comparison

The maximum VSS drawdown since its inception was -43.51%, roughly equal to the maximum VIOO drawdown of -44.15%. Use the drawdown chart below to compare losses from any high point for VSS and VIOO.

Drawdown Indicators

	VSS	VIOO	Difference
Max Drawdown Largest peak-to-trough decline	-43.51%	-44.15%	+0.64%
Max Drawdown (1Y) Largest decline over 1 year	-11.62%	-8.77%	-2.85%
Max Drawdown (3Y) Largest decline over 3 years	-15.73%	-27.93%	+12.20%
Max Drawdown (5Y) Largest decline over 5 years	-33.93%	-27.93%	-6.00%
Max Drawdown (10Y) Largest decline over 10 years	-43.51%	-44.15%	+0.64%
Current Drawdown Current decline from peak	-2.58%	-0.89%	-1.69%
Average Drawdown Average peak-to-trough decline	-9.64%	-7.33%	-2.31%
Ulcer Index Depth and duration of drawdowns from previous peaks	3.00%	2.62%	+0.38%

Volatility

VSS vs. VIOO - Volatility Comparison

Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap ETF (VSS) has a higher volatility of 5.33% compared to Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 ETF (VIOO) at 4.40%. This indicates that VSS's price experiences larger fluctuations and is considered to be riskier than VIOO based on this measure. The chart below showcases a comparison of their rolling one-month volatility.

Volatility by Period

	VSS	VIOO	Difference
Volatility (1M) Calculated over the trailing 1-month period	5.33%	4.40%	+0.93%
Volatility (6M) Calculated over the trailing 6-month period	12.64%	11.71%	+0.93%
Volatility (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	14.81%	17.59%	-2.78%
Volatility (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period, annualized	16.46%	21.40%	-4.94%
Volatility (10Y) Calculated over the trailing 10-year period, annualized	17.27%	22.99%	-5.72%

VSS vs. VIOO - Expense Ratio Comparison

VSS has a 0.07% expense ratio, which is lower than VIOO's 0.10% expense ratio. Despite the difference, both funds are considered low-cost compared to the broader market, where average expense ratios usually range from 0.3% to 0.9%.

Dividends

VSS vs. VIOO - Dividend Comparison

VSS's dividend yield for the trailing twelve months is around 3.07%, more than VIOO's 1.18% yield.

Position	TTM	2025	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017	2016	2015
VIOO Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 ETF	1.18%	1.36%	1.48%	1.47%	1.51%	1.16%	1.09%	1.37%	1.32%	1.11%	1.06%	1.26%
VSS Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap ETF	3.07%	3.39%	3.44%	3.14%	2.30%	2.74%	1.90%	3.25%	2.80%	2.83%	2.93%	2.66%

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I hold both VSS and VIOO in my portfolio?

VSS and VIOO have a correlation of 0.66, meaning they provide meaningful diversification benefit when combined. Depending on your allocation goals, holding both could reduce overall portfolio risk.

Which is riskier, VSS or VIOO?

VSS has higher volatility (5.33%) compared to VIOO (4.40%). In terms of maximum drawdown, VSS dropped -43.51% vs VIOO's -44.15%.

Which ETF is better, VSS or VIOO?

On 10-year performance, VIOO leads with 10.67% vs 8.07% for VSS. On fees, VSS is cheaper at 0.07% per year. On volatility, VIOO has been the lower-risk option at 4.40%. The better choice depends on whether you care most about return, fees, risk, or income.

Which ETF has performed better, VSS or VIOO?

Over the 10-year period, VIOO has performed better with a 10.67% return vs 8.07%. Past performance does not guarantee future results, so compare this with risk, fees, and fund exposure.

Which ETF is cheaper, VSS or VIOO?

VSS is cheaper with a 0.07% expense ratio, compared with 0.10% for VIOO.

Which ETF pays a higher dividend yield, VSS or VIOO?

VSS has the higher dividend yield at 3.07%, compared with 1.18% for VIOO.

What is the main difference between VSS and VIOO?

VSS is categorized as Foreign Small & Mid Cap Equities, while VIOO is Small Cap Blend Equities. VSS tracks FTSE Global Small Cap ex US Index, while VIOO tracks S&P SmallCap 600 Index. Their fees differ too: 0.07% for VSS and 0.10% for VIOO.

Which has better risk-adjusted returns?

VSS currently has the higher Sharpe Ratio (1.85 vs 1.82), meaning it's delivered slightly more return per unit of risk over the trailing 12 months. However, this ranking shifts over time - use the Risk/Return Score above for a more comprehensive view that combines Sharpe, Sortino, and other measures used by quantitative funds.