QQQ vs. VTI

Last updated Jun 20, 2026

QQQ (Invesco QQQ ETF) and VTI (Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF) are both exchange-traded funds - QQQ is a Nasdaq-100 fund tracking the NASDAQ-100 Index, while VTI is a Large Cap Blend Equities fund tracking the CRSP US Total Market Index. Both are passively managed. Over the past 10 years, QQQ returned 22.17%/yr vs 15.07%/yr for VTI. Their correlation of 0.88 suggests significant overlap in exposure. QQQ charges 0.18%/yr vs 0.03%/yr for VTI.

Performance

QQQ vs. VTI - Performance Comparison

The chart below illustrates the hypothetical performance of a $10,000 investment in Invesco QQQ ETF (QQQ) and Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF (VTI). The values are adjusted to include any dividend payments, if applicable.

Returns By Period

In the year-to-date period, QQQ achieves a 20.71% return, which is significantly higher than VTI's 10.70% return. Over the past 10 years, QQQ has outperformed VTI with an annualized return of 22.17%, while VTI has yielded a comparatively lower 15.07% annualized return.

QQQ

• 1D: 2.51%
• 1M: 3.65%
• YTD: 20.71%
• 6M: 20.33%
• 1Y: 41.26%
• 3Y*: 27.01%
• 5Y*: 17.37%
• 10Y*: 22.17%

VTI

• 1D: 1.16%
• 1M: 1.34%
• YTD: 10.70%
• 6M: 10.70%
• 1Y: 27.58%
• 3Y*: 20.67%
• 5Y*: 12.86%
• 10Y*: 15.07%

*Multi-year figures are annualized to reflect compound growth (CAGR)

QQQ vs. VTI - Yearly Performance Comparison

	2026 (YTD)	2025	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017
QQQ Invesco QQQ ETF	20.71%	20.77%	25.58%	54.86%	-32.58%	27.42%	48.62%	38.96%	-0.13%	32.66%
VTI Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF	10.70%	17.10%	23.81%	26.05%	-19.52%	25.68%	21.08%	30.67%	-5.23%	21.21%

Correlation

The correlation between QQQ and VTI is 0.92, indicating a strong positive relationship between their price movements. Combining them offers limited diversification - they tend to fall together during downturns.

	Correlation
Correlation (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	0.92
Correlation (3Y) Calculated over the trailing 3-year period	0.92
Correlation (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period	0.93
Correlation (10Y) Calculated over the trailing 10-year period	0.90
Correlation (All Time) Calculated using the full available price history since May 31, 2001	0.88

The correlation between QQQ and VTI has been stable across timeframes, ranging from 0.88 to 0.93 - a consistent structural relationship.

QQQ vs. VTI - Sectors Allocation Comparison

Sectors	QQQ	VTI
Technology	58.7%	33.3%
Communication Services	14.3%	10.1%
Consumer Cyclical	11.4%	9.8%
Consumer Defensive	6.4%	4.7%
Healthcare	3.7%	9.1%
Industrials	2.6%	9.5%
Utilities	1.2%	2.7%
Basic Materials	1.0%	2.0%
Energy	0.5%	3.8%
Financial Services	0.2%	11.9%
Real Estate	0.1%	2.4%

Return for Risk

QQQ vs. VTI — Risk / Return Rank

Compare risk-adjusted metric ranks to identify better-performing investments over the past 12 months.

QQQ

QQQ Risk / Return Rank: 73
QQQ Sharpe Ratio Rank: 77
QQQ Sortino Ratio Rank: 71
QQQ Omega Ratio Rank: 73
QQQ Calmar Ratio Rank: 71
QQQ Martin Ratio Rank: 72

VTI

VTI Risk / Return Rank: 69
VTI Sharpe Ratio Rank: 70
VTI Sortino Ratio Rank: 67
VTI Omega Ratio Rank: 69
VTI Calmar Ratio Rank: 65
VTI Martin Ratio Rank: 76

The rank (0–100) shows how this investment's returns compare to the risk taken. Higher = better. Based on the past 12 months of data, combining Sharpe, Sortino, and other metrics used by quantitative funds and institutional investors.

QQQ vs. VTI - Risk-Adjusted Trends Comparison

This table presents a comparison of risk-adjusted performance metrics for Invesco QQQ ETF (QQQ) and Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF (VTI). Risk-adjusted metrics are performance indicators that assess an investment's returns in relation to its risk, enabling a more accurate comparison of different investment options.

Values are calculated on a 1-year rolling basis and updated daily. Risk-adjusted metrics are more stable over longer periods — use the period switch above to explore them.

	QQQ	VTI	Difference
Sharpe ratio: Return per unit of total volatility	2.32	2.15	+0.17
Sortino ratio: Return per unit of downside risk	3.01	2.91	+0.10
Omega ratio: Gain probability vs. loss probability	1.41	1.39	+0.02
Calmar ratio: Return relative to maximum drawdown	3.42	3.07	+0.34
Martin ratio: Return relative to average drawdown	12.72	13.75	-1.03

QQQ vs. VTI - Sharpe Ratio Comparison

The current QQQ Sharpe Ratio is 2.32, which is comparable to the VTI Sharpe Ratio of 2.15. The chart below compares the historical Sharpe Ratios of QQQ and VTI, calculated using daily returns over the previous 12 months. A higher Sharpe Ratio indicates better risk-adjusted performance relative to the risk-free rate.

Drawdowns

QQQ vs. VTI - Drawdown Comparison

The maximum QQQ drawdown since its inception was -82.97%, which is greater than VTI's maximum drawdown of -55.45%. Use the drawdown chart below to compare losses from any high point for QQQ and VTI.

Drawdown Indicators

	QQQ	VTI	Difference
Max Drawdown Largest peak-to-trough decline	-82.97%	-55.45%	-27.52%
Max Drawdown (1Y) Largest decline over 1 year	-11.96%	-8.92%	-3.04%
Max Drawdown (3Y) Largest decline over 3 years	-22.77%	-19.30%	-3.47%
Max Drawdown (5Y) Largest decline over 5 years	-35.12%	-25.36%	-9.76%
Max Drawdown (10Y) Largest decline over 10 years	-35.12%	-35.00%	-0.12%
Current Drawdown Current decline from peak	-0.74%	-1.17%	+0.43%
Average Drawdown Average peak-to-trough decline	-32.73%	-8.01%	-24.72%
Ulcer Index Depth and duration of drawdowns from previous peaks	3.21%	1.99%	+1.22%

Volatility

QQQ vs. VTI - Volatility Comparison

Invesco QQQ ETF (QQQ) has a higher volatility of 8.58% compared to Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF (VTI) at 4.84%. This indicates that QQQ's price experiences larger fluctuations and is considered to be riskier than VTI based on this measure. The chart below showcases a comparison of their rolling one-month volatility.

Volatility by Period

	QQQ	VTI	Difference
Volatility (1M) Calculated over the trailing 1-month period	8.58%	4.84%	+3.74%
Volatility (6M) Calculated over the trailing 6-month period	14.34%	10.03%	+4.31%
Volatility (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	17.64%	12.74%	+4.90%
Volatility (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period, annualized	22.63%	17.50%	+5.13%
Volatility (10Y) Calculated over the trailing 10-year period, annualized	22.42%	18.35%	+4.07%

QQQ vs. VTI - Expense Ratio Comparison

QQQ has a 0.18% expense ratio, which is higher than VTI's 0.03% expense ratio. However, both funds are considered low-cost compared to the broader market, where average expense ratios usually range from 0.3% to 0.9%.

Dividends

QQQ vs. VTI - Dividend Comparison

QQQ's dividend yield for the trailing twelve months is around 0.38%, less than VTI's 1.02% yield.

Position	TTM	2025	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017	2016	2015
QQQ Invesco QQQ ETF	0.38%	0.45%	0.56%	0.62%	0.80%	0.43%	0.55%	0.74%	0.91%	0.84%	1.06%	0.99%
VTI Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF	1.02%	1.12%	1.27%	1.44%	1.66%	1.21%	1.42%	1.78%	2.04%	1.71%	1.92%	1.98%

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I hold both QQQ and VTI in my portfolio?

With a correlation of 0.92, QQQ and VTI move almost identically. Holding both adds very little diversification - you're essentially doubling your position in the same market segment. Choosing one is usually more capital-efficient.

Which is riskier, QQQ or VTI?

QQQ has higher volatility (8.58%) compared to VTI (4.84%). In terms of maximum drawdown, QQQ dropped -82.97% vs VTI's -55.45%.

Which ETF is better, QQQ or VTI?

On 10-year performance, QQQ leads with 22.17% vs 15.07% for VTI. On fees, VTI is cheaper at 0.03% per year. On volatility, VTI has been the lower-risk option at 4.84%. The better choice depends on whether you care most about return, fees, risk, or income.

Which ETF has performed better, QQQ or VTI?

Over the 10-year period, QQQ has performed better with a 22.17% return vs 15.07%. Past performance does not guarantee future results, so compare this with risk, fees, and fund exposure.

Which ETF is cheaper, QQQ or VTI?

VTI is cheaper with a 0.03% expense ratio, compared with 0.18% for QQQ.

Which ETF pays a higher dividend yield, QQQ or VTI?

VTI has the higher dividend yield at 1.02%, compared with 0.38% for QQQ.

What is the main difference between QQQ and VTI?

QQQ is categorized as Nasdaq-100, while VTI is Large Cap Blend Equities. QQQ tracks NASDAQ-100 Index, while VTI tracks CRSP US Total Market Index. They also come from different issuers: Invesco and Vanguard. Their fees differ too: 0.18% for QQQ and 0.03% for VTI.

Which has better risk-adjusted returns?

QQQ currently has the higher Sharpe Ratio (2.32 vs 2.15), meaning it's delivered slightly more return per unit of risk over the trailing 12 months. However, this ranking shifts over time - use the Risk/Return Score above for a more comprehensive view that combines Sharpe, Sortino, and other measures used by quantitative funds.