QQQ vs. GDX

Last updated Jun 9, 2026

QQQ (Invesco QQQ ETF) and GDX (VanEck Gold Miners ETF) are both exchange-traded funds - QQQ is a Nasdaq-100 fund tracking the NASDAQ-100 Index, while GDX is a Gold fund tracking the NYSE MarketVector Global Gold Miners Index. Both are passively managed. Over the past 10 years, QQQ returned 21.59%/yr vs 12.82%/yr for GDX. At a 0.22 correlation, their price movements are largely independent. QQQ charges 0.18%/yr vs 0.51%/yr for GDX.

Performance

QQQ vs. GDX - Performance Comparison

The chart below illustrates the hypothetical performance of a $10,000 investment in Invesco QQQ ETF (QQQ) and VanEck Gold Miners ETF (GDX). The values are adjusted to include any dividend payments, if applicable.

Returns By Period

In the year-to-date period, QQQ achieves a 16.71% return, which is significantly higher than GDX's -8.28% return. Over the past 10 years, QQQ has outperformed GDX with an annualized return of 21.59%, while GDX has yielded a comparatively lower 12.82% annualized return.

QQQ

• 1D: 1.56%
• 1M: 0.68%
• YTD: 16.71%
• 6M: 15.00%
• 1Y: 35.78%
• 3Y*: 27.15%
• 5Y*: 16.98%
• 10Y*: 21.59%

GDX

• 1D: -0.22%
• 1M: -16.83%
• YTD: -8.28%
• 6M: 0.10%
• 1Y: 53.51%
• 3Y*: 37.89%
• 5Y*: 17.28%
• 10Y*: 12.82%

*Multi-year figures are annualized to reflect compound growth (CAGR)

QQQ vs. GDX - Yearly Performance Comparison

	2026 (YTD)	2025	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017
QQQ Invesco QQQ ETF	16.71%	20.77%	25.58%	54.86%	-32.58%	27.42%	48.62%	38.96%	-0.13%	32.66%
GDX VanEck Gold Miners ETF	-8.28%	154.77%	10.63%	9.98%	-9.01%	-9.52%	23.66%	39.84%	-8.77%	11.99%

Correlation

The correlation between QQQ and GDX is 0.34, which is low. Their price movements are largely independent, making them effective diversification partners.

	Correlation
Correlation (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	0.34
Correlation (3Y) Calculated over the trailing 3-year period	0.25
Correlation (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period	0.23
Correlation (10Y) Calculated over the trailing 10-year period	0.18
Correlation (All Time) Calculated using the full available price history since May 23, 2006	0.22

The correlation between QQQ and GDX shifts across timeframes, from 0.18 (10 years) to 0.34 (1 year), reflecting how their relationship changes across market environments.

QQQ vs. GDX - Sectors Allocation Comparison

Sectors	QQQ	GDX
Technology	53.8%	-
Communication Services	15.8%	-
Consumer Cyclical	12.3%	-
Consumer Defensive	7.7%	-
Healthcare	4.2%	-
Industrials	2.8%	-
Utilities	1.4%	-
Basic Materials	1.1%	100.0%
Energy	0.6%	-
Financial Services	0.2%	-
Real Estate	0.1%	-

Return for Risk

QQQ vs. GDX — Risk / Return Rank

Compare risk-adjusted metric ranks to identify better-performing investments over the past 12 months.

QQQ

QQQ Risk / Return Rank: 69
QQQ Sharpe Ratio Rank: 74
QQQ Sortino Ratio Rank: 67
QQQ Omega Ratio Rank: 70
QQQ Calmar Ratio Rank: 66
QQQ Martin Ratio Rank: 68

GDX

GDX Risk / Return Rank: 35
GDX Sharpe Ratio Rank: 35
GDX Sortino Ratio Rank: 32
GDX Omega Ratio Rank: 37
GDX Calmar Ratio Rank: 37
GDX Martin Ratio Rank: 32

The rank (0–100) shows how this investment's returns compare to the risk taken. Higher = better. Based on the past 12 months of data, combining Sharpe, Sortino, and other metrics used by quantitative funds and institutional investors.

QQQ vs. GDX - Risk-Adjusted Trends Comparison

This table presents a comparison of risk-adjusted performance metrics for Invesco QQQ ETF (QQQ) and VanEck Gold Miners ETF (GDX). Risk-adjusted metrics are performance indicators that assess an investment's returns in relation to its risk, enabling a more accurate comparison of different investment options.

	QQQ	GDX	Difference
Sharpe ratio: Return per unit of total volatility	2.15	1.16	+0.99
Sortino ratio: Return per unit of downside risk	2.77	1.58	+1.20
Omega ratio: Gain probability vs. loss probability	1.38	1.22	+0.16
Calmar ratio: Return relative to maximum drawdown	3.00	1.68	+1.33
Martin ratio: Return relative to average drawdown	11.43	4.32	+7.11
Data is calculated on a 1-year rolling basis and updated daily. The trend shows the change in the indicator over the past month.

QQQ vs. GDX - Sharpe Ratio Comparison

The current QQQ Sharpe Ratio is 2.15, which is higher than the GDX Sharpe Ratio of 1.16. The chart below compares the historical Sharpe Ratios of QQQ and GDX, calculated using daily returns over the previous 12 months. A higher Sharpe Ratio indicates better risk-adjusted performance relative to the risk-free rate.

Sharpe Ratios by Period

	QQQ	GDX	Difference
Sharpe Ratio (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	2.15	1.16	+0.99
Sharpe Ratio (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period	0.76	0.47	+0.28
Sharpe Ratio (10Y) Calculated over the trailing 10-year period	0.97	0.35	+0.62
Sharpe Ratio (All Time) Calculated using the full available price history	0.40	0.12	+0.29

Drawdowns

QQQ vs. GDX - Drawdown Comparison

The maximum QQQ drawdown since its inception was -82.97%, roughly equal to the maximum GDX drawdown of -80.34%. Use the drawdown chart below to compare losses from any high point for QQQ and GDX.

Drawdown Indicators

	QQQ	GDX	Difference
Max Drawdown Largest peak-to-trough decline	-82.97%	-80.34%	-2.63%
Max Drawdown (1Y) Largest decline over 1 year	-11.96%	-32.09%	+20.13%
Max Drawdown (3Y) Largest decline over 3 years	-22.77%	-32.09%	+9.32%
Max Drawdown (5Y) Largest decline over 5 years	-35.12%	-46.51%	+11.39%
Max Drawdown (10Y) Largest decline over 10 years	-35.12%	-49.79%	+14.67%
Current Drawdown Current decline from peak	-4.03%	-32.09%	+28.06%
Average Drawdown Average peak-to-trough decline	-32.77%	-40.43%	+7.66%
Ulcer Index Depth and duration of drawdowns from previous peaks	3.14%	12.42%	-9.28%

Volatility

QQQ vs. GDX - Volatility Comparison

The current volatility for Invesco QQQ ETF (QQQ) is 6.84%, while VanEck Gold Miners ETF (GDX) has a volatility of 16.05%. This indicates that QQQ experiences smaller price fluctuations and is considered to be less risky than GDX based on this measure. The chart below showcases a comparison of their rolling one-month volatility.

Volatility by Period

	QQQ	GDX	Difference
Volatility (1M) Calculated over the trailing 1-month period	6.84%	16.05%	-9.21%
Volatility (6M) Calculated over the trailing 6-month period	13.20%	38.61%	-25.41%
Volatility (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	16.74%	46.36%	-29.62%
Volatility (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period, annualized	22.49%	36.61%	-14.12%
Volatility (10Y) Calculated over the trailing 10-year period, annualized	22.36%	37.27%	-14.91%

QQQ vs. GDX - Expense Ratio Comparison

QQQ has a 0.18% expense ratio, which is lower than GDX's 0.51% expense ratio.

Dividends

QQQ vs. GDX - Dividend Comparison

QQQ's dividend yield for the trailing twelve months is around 0.39%, less than GDX's 0.80% yield.

Position	TTM	2025	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017	2016	2015
GDX VanEck Gold Miners ETF	0.80%	0.74%	1.19%	1.61%	1.66%	1.67%	0.53%	0.67%	0.50%	0.76%	0.26%	0.85%
QQQ Invesco QQQ ETF	0.39%	0.45%	0.56%	0.62%	0.80%	0.43%	0.55%	0.74%	0.91%	0.84%	1.06%	0.99%

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I hold both QQQ and GDX in my portfolio?

QQQ and GDX have a correlation of 0.34, meaning they provide meaningful diversification benefit when combined. Depending on your allocation goals, holding both could reduce overall portfolio risk.

Which is riskier, QQQ or GDX?

GDX has higher volatility (16.05%) compared to QQQ (6.84%). In terms of maximum drawdown, QQQ dropped -82.97% vs GDX's -80.34%.

Which ETF is better, QQQ or GDX?

On 10-year performance, QQQ leads with 21.59% vs 12.82% for GDX. On fees, QQQ is cheaper at 0.18% per year. On volatility, QQQ has been the lower-risk option at 6.84%. The better choice depends on whether you care most about return, fees, risk, or income.

Which ETF has performed better, QQQ or GDX?

Over the 10-year period, QQQ has performed better with a 21.59% return vs 12.82%. Past performance does not guarantee future results, so compare this with risk, fees, and fund exposure.

Which ETF is cheaper, QQQ or GDX?

QQQ is cheaper with a 0.18% expense ratio, compared with 0.51% for GDX.

Which ETF pays a higher dividend yield, QQQ or GDX?

GDX has the higher dividend yield at 0.80%, compared with 0.39% for QQQ.

What is the main difference between QQQ and GDX?

QQQ is categorized as Nasdaq-100, while GDX is Gold. QQQ tracks NASDAQ-100 Index, while GDX tracks NYSE MarketVector Global Gold Miners Index. They also come from different issuers: Invesco and VanEck. Their fees differ too: 0.18% for QQQ and 0.51% for GDX.

Which has better risk-adjusted returns?

QQQ currently has the higher Sharpe Ratio (2.15 vs 1.16), meaning it's delivered slightly more return per unit of risk over the trailing 12 months. However, this ranking shifts over time - use the Risk/Return Score above for a more comprehensive view that combines Sharpe, Sortino, and other measures used by quantitative funds.