VIOO vs. CALF

Last updated Jun 3, 2026

VIOO (Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 ETF) and CALF (Pacer US Small Cap Cash Cows 100 ETF) are both Small Cap Blend Equities funds - VIOO tracks the S&P SmallCap 600 Index while CALF tracks the Pacer US Small Cap Cash Cows Index. Both are passively managed. Over the past 5 years, VIOO returned 5.91%/yr vs 4.41%/yr for CALF. Their correlation of 0.91 suggests significant overlap in exposure. VIOO charges 0.10%/yr vs 0.59%/yr for CALF.

Performance

VIOO vs. CALF - Performance Comparison

The chart below illustrates the hypothetical performance of a $10,000 investment in Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 ETF (VIOO) and Pacer US Small Cap Cash Cows 100 ETF (CALF). The values are adjusted to include any dividend payments, if applicable.

Returns By Period

In the year-to-date period, VIOO achieves a 16.37% return, which is significantly higher than CALF's 14.62% return.

VIOO

• 1D: 0.91%
• 1M: 1.63%
• YTD: 16.37%
• 6M: 16.85%
• 1Y: 34.98%
• 3Y*: 14.74%
• 5Y*: 5.91%
• 10Y*: 10.77%

CALF

• 1D: -0.84%
• 1M: 5.29%
• YTD: 14.62%
• 6M: 15.37%
• 1Y: 34.08%
• 3Y*: 11.10%
• 5Y*: 4.41%
• 10Y*: —

*Multi-year figures are annualized to reflect compound growth (CAGR)

VIOO vs. CALF - Yearly Performance Comparison

	2026 (YTD)	2025	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017
VIOO Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 ETF	16.37%	6.04%	8.48%	16.16%	-16.26%	26.79%	11.47%	22.68%	-8.65%	10.10%
CALF Pacer US Small Cap Cash Cows 100 ETF	14.62%	2.33%	-7.41%	35.43%	-15.20%	40.68%	16.55%	18.18%	-10.06%	5.78%

Correlation

The correlation between VIOO and CALF is 0.82, indicating a strong positive relationship between their price movements. Combining them offers limited diversification - they tend to fall together during downturns.

	Correlation
Correlation (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	0.82
Correlation (3Y) Calculated over the trailing 3-year period	0.90
Correlation (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period	0.92
Correlation (All Time) Calculated using the full available price history since Jun 20, 2017	0.91

The correlation between VIOO and CALF shifts across timeframes, from 0.82 (1 year) to 0.92 (5 years), reflecting how their relationship changes across market environments.

VIOO vs. CALF - Sectors Allocation Comparison

Sectors	VIOO	CALF
Financial Services	16.9%	0.2%
Industrials	15.5%	5.9%
Technology	15.5%	29.7%
Consumer Cyclical	13.4%	28.3%
Healthcare	11.0%	9.4%
Real Estate	7.7%	1.6%
Energy	5.9%	10.3%
Basic Materials	5.1%	1.6%
Communication Services	3.6%	8.8%
Consumer Defensive	3.5%	4.3%
Utilities	2.0%	-

Return for Risk

VIOO vs. CALF — Risk / Return Rank

Compare risk-adjusted metric ranks to identify better-performing investments over the past 12 months.

VIOO

VIOO Risk / Return Rank: 64
VIOO Sharpe Ratio Rank: 58
VIOO Sortino Ratio Rank: 61
VIOO Omega Ratio Rank: 55
VIOO Calmar Ratio Rank: 76
VIOO Martin Ratio Rank: 70

CALF

CALF Risk / Return Rank: 73
CALF Sharpe Ratio Rank: 64
CALF Sortino Ratio Rank: 68
CALF Omega Ratio Rank: 63
CALF Calmar Ratio Rank: 90
CALF Martin Ratio Rank: 80

The rank (0–100) shows how this investment's returns compare to the risk taken. Higher = better. Based on the past 12 months of data, combining Sharpe, Sortino, and other metrics used by quantitative funds and institutional investors.

VIOO vs. CALF - Risk-Adjusted Trends Comparison

This table presents a comparison of risk-adjusted performance metrics for Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 ETF (VIOO) and Pacer US Small Cap Cash Cows 100 ETF (CALF). Risk-adjusted metrics are performance indicators that assess an investment's returns in relation to its risk, enabling a more accurate comparison of different investment options.

	VIOO	CALF	Difference
Sharpe ratio Return per unit of total volatility	2.00	2.17	-0.17
Sortino ratio Return per unit of downside risk	2.88	3.14	-0.26
Omega ratio Gain probability vs. loss probability	1.34	1.38	-0.04
Calmar ratio Return relative to maximum drawdown	3.93	5.53	-1.60
Martin ratio Return relative to average drawdown	13.17	15.82	-2.65
Data is calculated on a 1-year rolling basis and updated daily. The trend shows the change in the indicator over the past month.

VIOO vs. CALF - Sharpe Ratio Comparison

The current VIOO Sharpe Ratio is 2.00, which is comparable to the CALF Sharpe Ratio of 2.17. The chart below compares the historical Sharpe Ratios of VIOO and CALF, calculated using daily returns over the previous 12 months. A higher Sharpe Ratio indicates better risk-adjusted performance relative to the risk-free rate.

Sharpe Ratios by Period

	VIOO	CALF	Difference
Sharpe Ratio (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	2.00	2.17	-0.17
Sharpe Ratio (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period	0.28	0.19	+0.09
Sharpe Ratio (10Y) Calculated over the trailing 10-year period	0.47	—	—
Sharpe Ratio (All Time) Calculated using the full available price history	0.58	0.38	+0.20

Drawdowns

VIOO vs. CALF - Drawdown Comparison

The maximum VIOO drawdown since its inception was -44.15%, smaller than the maximum CALF drawdown of -47.58%. Use the drawdown chart below to compare losses from any high point for VIOO and CALF.

Drawdown Indicators

	VIOO	CALF	Difference
Max Drawdown Largest peak-to-trough decline	-44.15%	-47.58%	+3.43%
Max Drawdown (1Y) Largest decline over 1 year	-8.77%	-6.15%	-2.62%
Max Drawdown (3Y) Largest decline over 3 years	-27.93%	-34.22%	+6.29%
Max Drawdown (5Y) Largest decline over 5 years	-27.93%	-34.22%	+6.29%
Max Drawdown (10Y) Largest decline over 10 years	-44.15%	—	—
Current Drawdown Current decline from peak	-0.01%	-0.84%	+0.83%
Average Drawdown Average peak-to-trough decline	-7.34%	-10.74%	+3.40%
Ulcer Index Depth and duration of drawdowns from previous peaks	2.62%	2.15%	+0.47%

Volatility

VIOO vs. CALF - Volatility Comparison

The current volatility for Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 ETF (VIOO) is 4.40%, while Pacer US Small Cap Cash Cows 100 ETF (CALF) has a volatility of 4.83%. This indicates that VIOO experiences smaller price fluctuations and is considered to be less risky than CALF based on this measure. The chart below showcases a comparison of their rolling one-month volatility.

Volatility by Period

	VIOO	CALF	Difference
Volatility (1M) Calculated over the trailing 1-month period	4.40%	4.83%	-0.43%
Volatility (6M) Calculated over the trailing 6-month period	11.69%	10.40%	+1.29%
Volatility (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	17.57%	15.79%	+1.78%
Volatility (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period, annualized	21.40%	23.44%	-2.04%
Volatility (10Y) Calculated over the trailing 10-year period, annualized	22.99%	26.02%	-3.03%

VIOO vs. CALF - Expense Ratio Comparison

VIOO has a 0.10% expense ratio, which is lower than CALF's 0.59% expense ratio.

Dividends

VIOO vs. CALF - Dividend Comparison

VIOO's dividend yield for the trailing twelve months is around 1.17%, less than CALF's 1.26% yield.

Position	TTM	2025	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017	2016	2015
CALF Pacer US Small Cap Cash Cows 100 ETF	1.26%	1.43%	1.07%	1.18%	0.85%	2.63%	0.82%	0.99%	1.39%	0.70%	0.00%	0.00%
VIOO Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 ETF	1.17%	1.36%	1.48%	1.47%	1.51%	1.16%	1.09%	1.37%	1.32%	1.11%	1.06%	1.26%

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I hold both VIOO and CALF in my portfolio?

VIOO and CALF have a correlation of 0.82, meaning they provide meaningful diversification benefit when combined. Depending on your allocation goals, holding both could reduce overall portfolio risk.

Which is riskier, VIOO or CALF?

CALF has higher volatility (4.83%) compared to VIOO (4.40%). In terms of maximum drawdown, VIOO dropped -44.15% vs CALF's -47.58%.

Which ETF is better, VIOO or CALF?

On 5-year performance, VIOO leads with 5.91% vs 4.41% for CALF. On fees, VIOO is cheaper at 0.10% per year. On volatility, VIOO has been the lower-risk option at 4.40%. The better choice depends on whether you care most about return, fees, risk, or income.

Which ETF has performed better, VIOO or CALF?

Over the 5-year period, VIOO has performed better with a 5.91% return vs 4.41%. Past performance does not guarantee future results, so compare this with risk, fees, and fund exposure.

Which ETF is cheaper, VIOO or CALF?

VIOO is cheaper with a 0.10% expense ratio, compared with 0.59% for CALF.

Which ETF pays a higher dividend yield, VIOO or CALF?

CALF has the higher dividend yield at 1.26%, compared with 1.17% for VIOO.

What is the main difference between VIOO and CALF?

VIOO tracks S&P SmallCap 600 Index, while CALF tracks Pacer US Small Cap Cash Cows Index. They also come from different issuers: Vanguard and Pacer. Their fees differ too: 0.10% for VIOO and 0.59% for CALF.

Which has better risk-adjusted returns?

CALF currently has the higher Sharpe Ratio (2.17 vs 2.00), meaning it's delivered slightly more return per unit of risk over the trailing 12 months. However, this ranking shifts over time - use the Risk/Return Score above for a more comprehensive view that combines Sharpe, Sortino, and other measures used by quantitative funds.