USO vs. VTI
USO (United States Oil Fund LP) and VTI (Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF) are both exchange-traded funds - USO is a Oil & Gas fund tracking the Front Month Light Sweet Crude Oil, while VTI is a Large Cap Blend Equities fund tracking the CRSP US Total Market Index. Both are passively managed. Over the past 10 years, USO returned 2.94%/yr vs 15.02%/yr for VTI. At a 0.28 correlation, their price movements are largely independent. USO charges 0.86%/yr vs 0.03%/yr for VTI.
Performance
USO vs. VTI - Performance Comparison
Loading charts...
Returns By Period
In the year-to-date period, USO achieves a 81.36% return, which is significantly higher than VTI's 9.62% return. Over the past 10 years, USO has underperformed VTI with an annualized return of 2.94%, while VTI has yielded a comparatively higher 15.02% annualized return.
USO
- 1D
- -2.64%
- 1M
- -12.29%
- YTD
- 81.36%
- 6M
- 82.28%
- 1Y
- 56.36%
- 3Y*
- 26.38%
- 5Y*
- 21.14%
- 10Y*
- 2.94%
VTI
- 1D
- 0.57%
- 1M
- -0.28%
- YTD
- 9.62%
- 6M
- 9.69%
- 1Y
- 26.27%
- 3Y*
- 20.60%
- 5Y*
- 12.20%
- 10Y*
- 15.02%
USO vs. VTI - Yearly Performance Comparison
| 2026 (YTD) | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
USO United States Oil Fund LP | 81.36% | -8.46% | 13.35% | -4.94% | 28.97% | 64.68% | -67.79% | 32.61% | -19.57% | 2.47% |
VTI Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF | 9.62% | 17.10% | 23.81% | 26.05% | -19.52% | 25.68% | 21.08% | 30.67% | -5.23% | 21.21% |
Correlation
The correlation between USO and VTI is -0.33, meaning they tend to move in opposite directions. This is especially valuable for risk management - when one declines, the other has historically tended to hold steady or rise.
| Correlation | |
|---|---|
Correlation (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period | -0.33 |
Correlation (3Y) Calculated over the trailing 3-year period | -0.07 |
Correlation (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period | 0.08 |
Correlation (10Y) Calculated over the trailing 10-year period | 0.18 |
Correlation (All Time) Calculated using the full available price history since Apr 10, 2006 | 0.28 |
The correlation between USO and VTI shifts across timeframes, from -0.33 (1 year) to 0.28 (all time), reflecting how their relationship changes across market environments.
Compare stocks, funds, or ETFs
Search for stocks, ETFs, and funds for a quick comparison or use the comparison tool for more options.
Return for Risk
USO vs. VTI — Risk / Return Rank
USO
VTI
USO vs. VTI - Risk-Adjusted Trends Comparison
This table presents a comparison of risk-adjusted performance metrics for United States Oil Fund LP (USO) and Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF (VTI). Risk-adjusted metrics are performance indicators that assess an investment's returns in relation to its risk, enabling a more accurate comparison of different investment options.
Values are calculated on a 1-year rolling basis and updated daily. Risk-adjusted metrics are more stable over longer periods — use the period switch above to explore them.
| USO | VTI | Difference | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sharpe ratioReturn per unit of total volatility | -0.46 | ||
| Sortino ratioReturn per unit of downside risk | -0.52 | ||
| Omega ratioGain probability vs. loss probability | 1.28 | 1.35 | -0.08 |
| Calmar ratioReturn relative to maximum drawdown | 3.31 | 2.79 | +0.52 |
| Martin ratioReturn relative to average drawdown | 6.09 | 12.52 | -6.43 |
Loading charts...
Drawdowns
USO vs. VTI - Drawdown Comparison
The maximum USO drawdown since its inception was -98.19%, which is greater than VTI's maximum drawdown of -55.45%. Use the drawdown chart below to compare losses from any high point for USO and VTI.
Loading charts...
Drawdown Indicators
| USO | VTI | Difference | |
|---|---|---|---|
Max DrawdownLargest peak-to-trough decline | -98.19% | -55.45% | -42.74% |
Max Drawdown (1Y)Largest decline over 1 year | -20.39% | -8.92% | -11.47% |
Max Drawdown (3Y)Largest decline over 3 years | -26.05% | -19.30% | -6.75% |
Max Drawdown (5Y)Largest decline over 5 years | -36.23% | -25.36% | -10.87% |
Max Drawdown (10Y)Largest decline over 10 years | -86.75% | -35.00% | -51.75% |
Current DrawdownCurrent decline from peak | -86.65% | -2.14% | -84.51% |
Average DrawdownAverage peak-to-trough decline | -75.30% | -8.02% | -67.28% |
Ulcer IndexDepth and duration of drawdowns from previous peaks | 11.06% | 1.99% | +9.07% |
Volatility
USO vs. VTI - Volatility Comparison
United States Oil Fund LP (USO) has a higher volatility of 13.27% compared to Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF (VTI) at 4.50%. This indicates that USO's price experiences larger fluctuations and is considered to be riskier than VTI based on this measure. The chart below showcases a comparison of their rolling one-month volatility.
Loading charts...
Volatility by Period
| USO | VTI | Difference | |
|---|---|---|---|
Volatility (1M)Calculated over the trailing 1-month period | 13.27% | 4.50% | +8.77% |
Volatility (6M)Calculated over the trailing 6-month period | 38.99% | 9.82% | +29.17% |
Volatility (1Y)Calculated over the trailing 1-year period | 44.64% | 12.64% | +32.00% |
Volatility (5Y)Calculated over the trailing 5-year period, annualized | 36.20% | 17.47% | +18.73% |
Volatility (10Y)Calculated over the trailing 10-year period, annualized | 39.03% | 18.33% | +20.70% |
USO vs. VTI - Expense Ratio Comparison
USO has a 0.86% expense ratio, which is higher than VTI's 0.03% expense ratio.
Dividends
USO vs. VTI - Dividend Comparison
USO has not paid dividends to shareholders, while VTI's dividend yield for the trailing twelve months is around 1.03%.
| Position | TTM | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
USO United States Oil Fund LP | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
VTI Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF | 1.03% | 1.12% | 1.27% | 1.44% | 1.66% | 1.21% | 1.42% | 1.78% | 2.04% | 1.71% | 1.92% | 1.98% |
Frequently Asked Questions
USO and VTI have a correlation of -0.33, meaning they provide meaningful diversification benefit when combined. Depending on your allocation goals, holding both could reduce overall portfolio risk.
USO has higher volatility (13.27%) compared to VTI (4.50%). In terms of maximum drawdown, USO dropped -98.19% vs VTI's -55.45%.
On 10-year performance, VTI leads with 15.02% vs 2.94% for USO. On fees, VTI is cheaper at 0.03% per year. On volatility, VTI has been the lower-risk option at 4.50%. The better choice depends on whether you care most about return, fees, risk, or income.
Over the 10-year period, VTI has performed better with a 15.02% return vs 2.94%. Past performance does not guarantee future results, so compare this with risk, fees, and fund exposure.
VTI is cheaper with a 0.03% expense ratio, compared with 0.86% for USO.
VTI has the higher dividend yield at 1.03%, compared with 0.00% for USO.
USO is categorized as Oil & Gas, while VTI is Large Cap Blend Equities. USO tracks Front Month Light Sweet Crude Oil, while VTI tracks CRSP US Total Market Index. They also come from different issuers: USCF and Vanguard. Their fees differ too: 0.86% for USO and 0.03% for VTI.
VTI currently has the higher Sharpe Ratio (1.97 vs 1.51), meaning it's delivered slightly more return per unit of risk over the trailing 12 months. However, this ranking shifts over time - use the Risk/Return Score above for a more comprehensive view that combines Sharpe, Sortino, and other measures used by quantitative funds.
Find the right allocation for USO and VTI
Add both to a portfolio and optimize allocations for your target — whether that's maximizing returns, minimizing drawdowns, or balancing risk across holdings.
Open Portfolio Optimizer