REFR vs. AAPL

Last updated Apr 1, 2026

Compare and contrast key facts about Research Frontiers Incorporated (REFR) and Apple Inc (AAPL).

Performance

REFR vs. AAPL - Performance Comparison

The chart below illustrates the hypothetical performance of a $10,000 investment in Research Frontiers Incorporated (REFR) and Apple Inc (AAPL). The values are adjusted to include any dividend payments, if applicable.

REFR vs. AAPL - Yearly Performance Comparison

	2026 (YTD)	2025	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017
REFR Research Frontiers Incorporated	-29.77%	-23.39%	69.31%	-47.12%	11.05%	-38.79%	-6.64%	92.95%	50.00%	-42.86%
AAPL Apple Inc	-5.88%	9.05%	30.71%	49.01%	-26.40%	34.65%	82.31%	88.96%	-5.39%	48.46%

Fundamentals

EPS REFR : -$0.06 AAPL : $7.89
PS Ratio REFR : 25.22 AAPL : 8.76
Total Revenue (TTM) REFR : $1.23M AAPL : $435.62B
Gross Profit (TTM) REFR : $1.23M AAPL : $206.16B
EBITDA (TTM) REFR : -$1.70M AAPL : $150.07B

Returns By Period

In the year-to-date period, REFR achieves a -29.77% return, which is significantly lower than AAPL's -5.88% return. Over the past 10 years, REFR has underperformed AAPL with an annualized return of -15.01%, while AAPL has yielded a comparatively higher 26.22% annualized return.

REFR

• 1D: 1.10%
• 1M: -7.56%
• YTD: -29.77%
• 6M: -42.14%
• 1Y: -18.58%
• 3Y*: -18.67%
• 5Y*: -21.21%
• 10Y*: -15.01%

AAPL

• 1D: 0.73%
• 1M: -3.43%
• YTD: -5.88%
• 6M: 0.26%
• 1Y: 15.03%
• 3Y*: 16.29%
• 5Y*: 16.37%
• 10Y*: 26.22%

*Multi-year figures are annualized to reflect compound growth (CAGR)

Return for Risk

REFR vs. AAPL — Risk / Return Rank

Compare risk-adjusted metric ranks to identify better-performing investments over the past 12 months.

REFR

REFR Risk / Return Rank: 33
REFR Sharpe Ratio Rank: 31
REFR Sortino Ratio Rank: 35
REFR Omega Ratio Rank: 34
REFR Calmar Ratio Rank: 33
REFR Martin Ratio Rank: 31

AAPL

AAPL Risk / Return Rank: 56
AAPL Sharpe Ratio Rank: 58
AAPL Sortino Ratio Rank: 53
AAPL Omega Ratio Rank: 54
AAPL Calmar Ratio Rank: 57
AAPL Martin Ratio Rank: 61

The rank (0–100) shows how this investment's returns compare to the risk taken. Higher = better. Based on the past 12 months of data, combining Sharpe, Sortino, and other metrics used by quantitative funds and institutional investors.

REFR vs. AAPL - Risk-Adjusted Trends Comparison

This table presents a comparison of risk-adjusted performance metrics for Research Frontiers Incorporated (REFR) and Apple Inc (AAPL). Risk-adjusted metrics are performance indicators that assess an investment's returns in relation to its risk, enabling a more accurate comparison of different investment options.

	REFR	AAPL	Difference
Sharpe ratio Return per unit of total volatility	-0.23	0.48	-0.71
Sortino ratio Return per unit of downside risk	0.24	0.93	-0.69
Omega ratio Gain probability vs. loss probability	1.03	1.13	-0.10
Calmar ratio Return relative to maximum drawdown	-0.29	0.68	-0.97
Martin ratio Return relative to average drawdown	-0.58	2.10	-2.68
Data is calculated on a 1-year rolling basis and updated daily. The trend shows the change in the indicator over the past month.

REFR vs. AAPL - Sharpe Ratio Comparison

The current REFR Sharpe Ratio is -0.23, which is lower than the AAPL Sharpe Ratio of 0.48. The chart below compares the historical Sharpe Ratios of REFR and AAPL, offering insights into how both investments have performed under varying market conditions. These values are calculated using daily returns over the previous 12 months.

Sharpe Ratios by Period

	REFR	AAPL	Difference
Sharpe Ratio (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	-0.23	0.48	-0.71
Sharpe Ratio (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period	-0.31	0.60	-0.91
Sharpe Ratio (10Y) Calculated over the trailing 10-year period	-0.21	0.91	-1.11
Sharpe Ratio (All Time) Calculated using the full available price history	-0.10	0.43	-0.54

Correlation

The correlation between REFR and AAPL is 0.13, which is considered to be low. This implies their price changes are not closely related. A low correlation is generally favorable for portfolio diversification, as it helps to reduce overall risk by spreading it across multiple assets with different performance patterns.

Dividends

REFR vs. AAPL - Dividend Comparison

REFR has not paid dividends to shareholders, while AAPL's dividend yield for the trailing twelve months is around 0.41%.

	TTM	2025	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017	2016	2015
REFR Research Frontiers Incorporated	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
AAPL Apple Inc	0.41%	0.38%	0.40%	0.49%	0.70%	0.49%	0.61%	1.04%	1.79%	1.45%	1.93%	1.93%

Drawdowns

REFR vs. AAPL - Drawdown Comparison

The maximum REFR drawdown since its inception was -98.46%, which is greater than AAPL's maximum drawdown of -81.80%. Use the drawdown chart below to compare losses from any high point for REFR and AAPL.

Drawdown Indicators

	REFR	AAPL	Difference
Max Drawdown Largest peak-to-trough decline	-98.46%	-81.80%	-16.66%
Max Drawdown (1Y) Largest decline over 1 year	-66.10%	-22.99%	-43.11%
Max Drawdown (5Y) Largest decline over 5 years	-73.60%	-33.36%	-40.24%
Max Drawdown (10Y) Largest decline over 10 years	-88.10%	-38.52%	-49.58%
Current Drawdown Current decline from peak	-97.62%	-10.59%	-87.03%
Average Drawdown Average peak-to-trough decline	-76.33%	-29.71%	-46.62%
Ulcer Index Depth and duration of drawdowns from previous peaks	33.28%	7.41%	+25.87%

Volatility

REFR vs. AAPL - Volatility Comparison

Research Frontiers Incorporated (REFR) has a higher volatility of 30.95% compared to Apple Inc (AAPL) at 5.65%. This indicates that REFR's price experiences larger fluctuations and is considered to be riskier than AAPL based on this measure. The chart below showcases a comparison of their rolling one-month volatility.

Volatility by Period

	REFR	AAPL	Difference
Volatility (1M) Calculated over the trailing 1-month period	30.95%	5.65%	+25.30%
Volatility (6M) Calculated over the trailing 6-month period	62.02%	15.11%	+46.91%
Volatility (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	81.97%	31.61%	+50.36%
Volatility (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period, annualized	69.42%	27.46%	+41.96%
Volatility (10Y) Calculated over the trailing 10-year period, annualized	73.26%	28.93%	+44.33%

Financials

REFR vs. AAPL - Profitability Comparison

The chart below illustrates the profitability comparison between Research Frontiers Incorporated and Apple Inc over time, highlighting three key metrics: Gross Profit Margin, Operating Margin, and Net Profit Margin.

REFR - Gross Margin

Gross margin is calculated as gross profit divided by revenue. For the three months ending on Apr 2026, Research Frontiers Incorporated reported a gross profit of 359.44K and revenue of 359.44K. Therefore, the gross margin over that period was 100.0%.

AAPL - Gross Margin

Gross margin is calculated as gross profit divided by revenue. For the three months ending on Apr 2026, Apple Inc reported a gross profit of 69.23B and revenue of 143.76B. Therefore, the gross margin over that period was 48.2%.

REFR - Operating Margin

Operating margin is calculated as operating income divided by revenue. For the three months ending on Apr 2026, Research Frontiers Incorporated reported an operating income of -303.94K and revenue of 359.44K, resulting in an operating margin of -84.6%.

AAPL - Operating Margin

Operating margin is calculated as operating income divided by revenue. For the three months ending on Apr 2026, Apple Inc reported an operating income of 50.85B and revenue of 143.76B, resulting in an operating margin of 35.4%.

REFR - Net Margin

Net margin is calculated as net income divided by revenue. For the three months ending on Apr 2026, Research Frontiers Incorporated reported a net income of -298.51K and revenue of 359.44K, resulting in a net margin of -83.1%.

AAPL - Net Margin

Net margin is calculated as net income divided by revenue. For the three months ending on Apr 2026, Apple Inc reported a net income of 42.10B and revenue of 143.76B, resulting in a net margin of 29.3%.