QQQ vs. PPA

Last updated Jun 4, 2026

QQQ (Invesco QQQ ETF) and PPA (Invesco Aerospace & Defense ETF) are both exchange-traded funds - QQQ is a Nasdaq-100 fund tracking the NASDAQ-100 Index, while PPA is a Aerospace & Defense fund tracking the SPADE Defense Index. Both are passively managed. Over the past 10 years, QQQ returned 21.94%/yr vs 17.38%/yr for PPA. A 0.66 correlation means they provide meaningful diversification when combined. QQQ charges 0.18%/yr vs 0.58%/yr for PPA.

Performance

QQQ vs. PPA - Performance Comparison

The chart below illustrates the hypothetical performance of a $10,000 investment in Invesco QQQ ETF (QQQ) and Invesco Aerospace & Defense ETF (PPA). The values are adjusted to include any dividend payments, if applicable.

Returns By Period

In the year-to-date period, QQQ achieves a 21.30% return, which is significantly higher than PPA's 8.54% return. Over the past 10 years, QQQ has outperformed PPA with an annualized return of 21.94%, while PPA has yielded a comparatively lower 17.38% annualized return.

QQQ

• 1D: -0.26%
• 1M: 10.60%
• YTD: 21.30%
• 6M: 19.66%
• 1Y: 41.82%
• 3Y*: 28.78%
• 5Y*: 17.97%
• 10Y*: 21.94%

PPA

• 1D: -1.74%
• 1M: 3.19%
• YTD: 8.54%
• 6M: 13.46%
• 1Y: 26.57%
• 3Y*: 28.92%
• 5Y*: 17.82%
• 10Y*: 17.38%

*Multi-year figures are annualized to reflect compound growth (CAGR)

QQQ vs. PPA - Yearly Performance Comparison

	2026 (YTD)	2025	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017
QQQ Invesco QQQ ETF	21.30%	20.77%	25.58%	54.86%	-32.58%	27.42%	48.62%	38.96%	-0.13%	32.66%
PPA Invesco Aerospace & Defense ETF	8.54%	37.15%	25.28%	18.41%	9.52%	7.09%	0.45%	39.63%	-7.51%	30.10%

Correlation

The correlation between QQQ and PPA is 0.46, which is low. Their price movements are largely independent, making them effective diversification partners.

	Correlation
Correlation (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	0.46
Correlation (3Y) Calculated over the trailing 3-year period	0.50
Correlation (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period	0.56
Correlation (10Y) Calculated over the trailing 10-year period	0.55
Correlation (All Time) Calculated using the full available price history since Oct 27, 2005	0.66

The correlation between QQQ and PPA shifts across timeframes, from 0.46 (1 year) to 0.66 (all time), reflecting how their relationship changes across market environments.

QQQ vs. PPA - Sectors Allocation Comparison

Sectors	QQQ	PPA
Technology	53.8%	9.8%
Communication Services	15.8%	0.1%
Consumer Cyclical	12.3%	-
Consumer Defensive	7.7%	-
Healthcare	4.2%	-
Industrials	2.8%	90.1%
Utilities	1.4%	-
Basic Materials	1.1%	-
Energy	0.6%	-
Financial Services	0.2%	-
Real Estate	0.1%	-

Return for Risk

QQQ vs. PPA — Risk / Return Rank

Compare risk-adjusted metric ranks to identify better-performing investments over the past 12 months.

QQQ

QQQ Risk / Return Rank: 73
QQQ Sharpe Ratio Rank: 79
QQQ Sortino Ratio Rank: 75
QQQ Omega Ratio Rank: 74
QQQ Calmar Ratio Rank: 69
QQQ Martin Ratio Rank: 71

PPA

PPA Risk / Return Rank: 37
PPA Sharpe Ratio Rank: 38
PPA Sortino Ratio Rank: 39
PPA Omega Ratio Rank: 35
PPA Calmar Ratio Rank: 38
PPA Martin Ratio Rank: 36

The rank (0–100) shows how this investment's returns compare to the risk taken. Higher = better. Based on the past 12 months of data, combining Sharpe, Sortino, and other metrics used by quantitative funds and institutional investors.

QQQ vs. PPA - Risk-Adjusted Trends Comparison

This table presents a comparison of risk-adjusted performance metrics for Invesco QQQ ETF (QQQ) and Invesco Aerospace & Defense ETF (PPA). Risk-adjusted metrics are performance indicators that assess an investment's returns in relation to its risk, enabling a more accurate comparison of different investment options.

	QQQ	PPA	Difference
Sharpe ratio: Return per unit of total volatility	2.64	1.40	+1.23
Sortino ratio: Return per unit of downside risk	3.45	2.05	+1.39
Omega ratio: Gain probability vs. loss probability	1.45	1.24	+0.21
Calmar ratio: Return relative to maximum drawdown	3.51	1.95	+1.56
Martin ratio: Return relative to average drawdown	13.49	5.68	+7.81
Data is calculated on a 1-year rolling basis and updated daily. The trend shows the change in the indicator over the past month.

QQQ vs. PPA - Sharpe Ratio Comparison

The current QQQ Sharpe Ratio is 2.64, which is higher than the PPA Sharpe Ratio of 1.40. The chart below compares the historical Sharpe Ratios of QQQ and PPA, calculated using daily returns over the previous 12 months. A higher Sharpe Ratio indicates better risk-adjusted performance relative to the risk-free rate.

Sharpe Ratios by Period

	QQQ	PPA	Difference
Sharpe Ratio (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	2.64	1.40	+1.23
Sharpe Ratio (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period	0.81	0.97	-0.16
Sharpe Ratio (10Y) Calculated over the trailing 10-year period	0.99	0.84	+0.14
Sharpe Ratio (All Time) Calculated using the full available price history	0.41	0.66	-0.25

Drawdowns

QQQ vs. PPA - Drawdown Comparison

The maximum QQQ drawdown since its inception was -82.97%, which is greater than PPA's maximum drawdown of -57.37%. Use the drawdown chart below to compare losses from any high point for QQQ and PPA.

Drawdown Indicators

	QQQ	PPA	Difference
Max Drawdown Largest peak-to-trough decline	-82.97%	-57.37%	-25.60%
Max Drawdown (1Y) Largest decline over 1 year	-11.96%	-13.71%	+1.75%
Max Drawdown (3Y) Largest decline over 3 years	-22.77%	-15.24%	-7.53%
Max Drawdown (5Y) Largest decline over 5 years	-35.12%	-18.37%	-16.75%
Max Drawdown (10Y) Largest decline over 10 years	-35.12%	-43.92%	+8.80%
Current Drawdown Current decline from peak	-0.26%	-8.40%	+8.14%
Average Drawdown Average peak-to-trough decline	-32.79%	-9.18%	-23.61%
Ulcer Index Depth and duration of drawdowns from previous peaks	3.11%	4.69%	-1.58%

Volatility

QQQ vs. PPA - Volatility Comparison

The current volatility for Invesco QQQ ETF (QQQ) is 4.49%, while Invesco Aerospace & Defense ETF (PPA) has a volatility of 6.73%. This indicates that QQQ experiences smaller price fluctuations and is considered to be less risky than PPA based on this measure. The chart below showcases a comparison of their rolling one-month volatility.

Volatility by Period

	QQQ	PPA	Difference
Volatility (1M) Calculated over the trailing 1-month period	4.49%	6.73%	-2.24%
Volatility (6M) Calculated over the trailing 6-month period	12.10%	15.95%	-3.85%
Volatility (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	15.94%	19.03%	-3.09%
Volatility (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period, annualized	22.38%	18.49%	+3.89%
Volatility (10Y) Calculated over the trailing 10-year period, annualized	22.29%	20.64%	+1.65%

QQQ vs. PPA - Expense Ratio Comparison

QQQ has a 0.18% expense ratio, which is lower than PPA's 0.58% expense ratio.

Dividends

QQQ vs. PPA - Dividend Comparison

QQQ's dividend yield for the trailing twelve months is around 0.38%, less than PPA's 0.39% yield.

Position	TTM	2025	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017	2016	2015
PPA Invesco Aerospace & Defense ETF	0.39%	0.42%	0.61%	0.67%	0.83%	0.59%	0.88%	0.95%	0.90%	0.67%	1.70%	1.41%
QQQ Invesco QQQ ETF	0.38%	0.45%	0.56%	0.62%	0.80%	0.43%	0.55%	0.74%	0.91%	0.84%	1.06%	0.99%

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I hold both QQQ and PPA in my portfolio?

QQQ and PPA have a correlation of 0.46, meaning they provide meaningful diversification benefit when combined. Depending on your allocation goals, holding both could reduce overall portfolio risk.

Which is riskier, QQQ or PPA?

PPA has higher volatility (6.73%) compared to QQQ (4.49%). In terms of maximum drawdown, QQQ dropped -82.97% vs PPA's -57.37%.

Which ETF is better, QQQ or PPA?

On 10-year performance, QQQ leads with 21.94% vs 17.38% for PPA. On fees, QQQ is cheaper at 0.18% per year. On volatility, QQQ has been the lower-risk option at 4.49%. The better choice depends on whether you care most about return, fees, risk, or income.

Which ETF has performed better, QQQ or PPA?

Over the 10-year period, QQQ has performed better with a 21.94% return vs 17.38%. Past performance does not guarantee future results, so compare this with risk, fees, and fund exposure.

Which ETF is cheaper, QQQ or PPA?

QQQ is cheaper with a 0.18% expense ratio, compared with 0.58% for PPA.

Which ETF pays a higher dividend yield, QQQ or PPA?

QQQ and PPA have nearly identical dividend yields, around 0.38%.

What is the main difference between QQQ and PPA?

QQQ is categorized as Nasdaq-100, while PPA is Aerospace & Defense. QQQ tracks NASDAQ-100 Index, while PPA tracks SPADE Defense Index. Their fees differ too: 0.18% for QQQ and 0.58% for PPA.

Which has better risk-adjusted returns?

QQQ currently has the higher Sharpe Ratio (2.64 vs 1.40), meaning it's delivered slightly more return per unit of risk over the trailing 12 months. However, this ranking shifts over time - use the Risk/Return Score above for a more comprehensive view that combines Sharpe, Sortino, and other measures used by quantitative funds.