PPA vs. FOWF

Last updated Jun 4, 2026

PPA (Invesco Aerospace & Defense ETF) and FOWF (Pacer Solactive Whitney Future of Warfare ETF) are both exchange-traded funds - PPA is a Aerospace & Defense fund tracking the SPADE Defense Index, while FOWF is a Industrials Equities fund tracking the Solactive Whitney Future of Warfare Index. Both are passively managed. Over the past year, PPA returned 26.57% vs 22.10% for FOWF. Their correlation of 0.86 suggests significant overlap in exposure. PPA charges 0.58%/yr vs 0.49%/yr for FOWF.

Performance

PPA vs. FOWF - Performance Comparison

The chart below illustrates the hypothetical performance of a $10,000 investment in Invesco Aerospace & Defense ETF (PPA) and Pacer Solactive Whitney Future of Warfare ETF (FOWF). The values are adjusted to include any dividend payments, if applicable.

Returns By Period

In the year-to-date period, PPA achieves a 8.54% return, which is significantly lower than FOWF's 9.44% return.

PPA

• 1D: -1.74%
• 1M: 3.19%
• YTD: 8.54%
• 6M: 13.46%
• 1Y: 26.57%
• 3Y*: 28.92%
• 5Y*: 17.82%
• 10Y*: 17.38%

FOWF

• 1D: -1.88%
• 1M: 3.45%
• YTD: 9.44%
• 6M: 12.30%
• 1Y: 22.10%
• 3Y*: —
• 5Y*: —
• 10Y*: —

*Multi-year figures are annualized to reflect compound growth (CAGR)

PPA vs. FOWF - Yearly Performance Comparison

	2026 (YTD)	2025	2024
PPA Invesco Aerospace & Defense ETF	8.54%	37.15%	0.96%
FOWF Pacer Solactive Whitney Future of Warfare ETF	9.44%	29.15%	0.39%

Correlation

The correlation between PPA and FOWF is 0.84, indicating a strong positive relationship between their price movements. Combining them offers limited diversification - they tend to fall together during downturns.

	Correlation
Correlation (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	0.84
Correlation (All Time) Calculated using the full available price history since Dec 19, 2024	0.86

The correlation between PPA and FOWF has been stable across timeframes, ranging from 0.84 to 0.86 - a consistent structural relationship.

PPA vs. FOWF - Sectors Allocation Comparison

Sectors	PPA	FOWF
Industrials	90.1%	62.2%
Technology	9.8%	29.2%
Communication Services	0.1%	5.8%
Basic Materials	-	0.8%
Consumer Cyclical	-	2.0%
Consumer Defensive	-	-
Energy	-	-
Financial Services	-	-
Healthcare	-	-
Real Estate	-	-
Utilities	-	-

Return for Risk

PPA vs. FOWF — Risk / Return Rank

Compare risk-adjusted metric ranks to identify better-performing investments over the past 12 months.

PPA

PPA Risk / Return Rank: 37
PPA Sharpe Ratio Rank: 38
PPA Sortino Ratio Rank: 39
PPA Omega Ratio Rank: 35
PPA Calmar Ratio Rank: 38
PPA Martin Ratio Rank: 36

FOWF

FOWF Risk / Return Rank: 46
FOWF Sharpe Ratio Rank: 46
FOWF Sortino Ratio Rank: 50
FOWF Omega Ratio Rank: 44
FOWF Calmar Ratio Rank: 45
FOWF Martin Ratio Rank: 44

The rank (0–100) shows how this investment's returns compare to the risk taken. Higher = better. Based on the past 12 months of data, combining Sharpe, Sortino, and other metrics used by quantitative funds and institutional investors.

PPA vs. FOWF - Risk-Adjusted Trends Comparison

This table presents a comparison of risk-adjusted performance metrics for Invesco Aerospace & Defense ETF (PPA) and Pacer Solactive Whitney Future of Warfare ETF (FOWF). Risk-adjusted metrics are performance indicators that assess an investment's returns in relation to its risk, enabling a more accurate comparison of different investment options.

	PPA	FOWF	Difference
Sharpe ratio: Return per unit of total volatility	1.40	1.59	-0.19
Sortino ratio: Return per unit of downside risk	2.05	2.39	-0.34
Omega ratio: Gain probability vs. loss probability	1.24	1.28	-0.04
Calmar ratio: Return relative to maximum drawdown	1.95	2.20	-0.26
Martin ratio: Return relative to average drawdown	5.68	7.02	-1.34
Data is calculated on a 1-year rolling basis and updated daily. The trend shows the change in the indicator over the past month.

PPA vs. FOWF - Sharpe Ratio Comparison

The current PPA Sharpe Ratio is 1.40, which is comparable to the FOWF Sharpe Ratio of 1.59. The chart below compares the historical Sharpe Ratios of PPA and FOWF, calculated using daily returns over the previous 12 months. A higher Sharpe Ratio indicates better risk-adjusted performance relative to the risk-free rate.

Sharpe Ratios by Period

	PPA	FOWF	Difference
Sharpe Ratio (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	1.40	1.59	-0.19
Sharpe Ratio (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period	0.97	—	—
Sharpe Ratio (10Y) Calculated over the trailing 10-year period	0.84	—	—
Sharpe Ratio (All Time) Calculated using the full available price history	0.66	1.63	-0.97

Drawdowns

PPA vs. FOWF - Drawdown Comparison

The maximum PPA drawdown since its inception was -57.37%, which is greater than FOWF's maximum drawdown of -12.29%. Use the drawdown chart below to compare losses from any high point for PPA and FOWF.

Drawdown Indicators

	PPA	FOWF	Difference
Max Drawdown Largest peak-to-trough decline	-57.37%	-12.29%	-45.08%
Max Drawdown (1Y) Largest decline over 1 year	-13.71%	-10.08%	-3.63%
Max Drawdown (3Y) Largest decline over 3 years	-15.24%	—	—
Max Drawdown (5Y) Largest decline over 5 years	-18.37%	—	—
Max Drawdown (10Y) Largest decline over 10 years	-43.92%	—	—
Current Drawdown Current decline from peak	-8.40%	-2.81%	-5.59%
Average Drawdown Average peak-to-trough decline	-9.18%	-2.05%	-7.13%
Ulcer Index Depth and duration of drawdowns from previous peaks	4.69%	3.16%	+1.53%

Volatility

PPA vs. FOWF - Volatility Comparison

Invesco Aerospace & Defense ETF (PPA) has a higher volatility of 6.73% compared to Pacer Solactive Whitney Future of Warfare ETF (FOWF) at 4.80%. This indicates that PPA's price experiences larger fluctuations and is considered to be riskier than FOWF based on this measure. The chart below showcases a comparison of their rolling one-month volatility.

Volatility by Period

	PPA	FOWF	Difference
Volatility (1M) Calculated over the trailing 1-month period	6.73%	4.80%	+1.93%
Volatility (6M) Calculated over the trailing 6-month period	15.95%	11.62%	+4.33%
Volatility (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	19.03%	13.94%	+5.09%
Volatility (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period, annualized	18.49%	16.89%	+1.60%
Volatility (10Y) Calculated over the trailing 10-year period, annualized	20.64%	16.89%	+3.75%

PPA vs. FOWF - Expense Ratio Comparison

PPA has a 0.58% expense ratio, which is higher than FOWF's 0.49% expense ratio.

Dividends

PPA vs. FOWF - Dividend Comparison

PPA's dividend yield for the trailing twelve months is around 0.39%, less than FOWF's 0.73% yield.

Position	TTM	2025	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017	2016	2015
FOWF Pacer Solactive Whitney Future of Warfare ETF	0.73%	0.79%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
PPA Invesco Aerospace & Defense ETF	0.39%	0.42%	0.61%	0.67%	0.83%	0.59%	0.88%	0.95%	0.90%	0.67%	1.70%	1.41%

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I hold both PPA and FOWF in my portfolio?

PPA and FOWF have a correlation of 0.84, meaning they provide meaningful diversification benefit when combined. Depending on your allocation goals, holding both could reduce overall portfolio risk.

Which is riskier, PPA or FOWF?

PPA has higher volatility (6.73%) compared to FOWF (4.80%). In terms of maximum drawdown, PPA dropped -57.37% vs FOWF's -12.29%.

Which ETF is better, PPA or FOWF?

On 1-year performance, PPA leads with 26.57% vs 22.10% for FOWF. On fees, FOWF is cheaper at 0.49% per year. On volatility, FOWF has been the lower-risk option at 4.80%. The better choice depends on whether you care most about return, fees, risk, or income.

Which ETF has performed better, PPA or FOWF?

Over the 1-year period, PPA has performed better with a 26.57% return vs 22.10%. Past performance does not guarantee future results, so compare this with risk, fees, and fund exposure.

Which ETF is cheaper, PPA or FOWF?

FOWF is cheaper with a 0.49% expense ratio, compared with 0.58% for PPA.

Which ETF pays a higher dividend yield, PPA or FOWF?

FOWF has the higher dividend yield at 0.73%, compared with 0.39% for PPA.

What is the main difference between PPA and FOWF?

PPA is categorized as Aerospace & Defense, while FOWF is Industrials Equities. PPA tracks SPADE Defense Index, while FOWF tracks Solactive Whitney Future of Warfare Index. They also come from different issuers: Invesco and Pacer. Their fees differ too: 0.58% for PPA and 0.49% for FOWF.

Which has better risk-adjusted returns?

FOWF currently has the higher Sharpe Ratio (1.59 vs 1.40), meaning it's delivered slightly more return per unit of risk over the trailing 12 months. However, this ranking shifts over time - use the Risk/Return Score above for a more comprehensive view that combines Sharpe, Sortino, and other measures used by quantitative funds.