UPV vs. TQQQ

Last updated Jun 5, 2026

UPV (ProShares Ultra Europe) and TQQQ (ProShares UltraPro QQQ) are both Leveraged Equities funds from ProShares - UPV tracks the MSCI Europe Index (200%) while TQQQ tracks the NASDAQ-100 Index (300%). Both are passively managed. Over the past 10 years, UPV returned 10.86%/yr vs 44.95%/yr for TQQQ. A 0.60 correlation means they provide meaningful diversification when combined. Both charge a 0.95% expense ratio.

Performance

UPV vs. TQQQ - Performance Comparison

The chart below illustrates the hypothetical performance of a $10,000 investment in ProShares Ultra Europe (UPV) and ProShares UltraPro QQQ (TQQQ). The values are adjusted to include any dividend payments, if applicable.

Returns By Period

In the year-to-date period, UPV achieves a 9.44% return, which is significantly lower than TQQQ's 61.91% return. Over the past 10 years, UPV has underperformed TQQQ with an annualized return of 10.86%, while TQQQ has yielded a comparatively higher 44.95% annualized return.

UPV

• 1D: 2.14%
• 1M: 3.94%
• YTD: 9.44%
• 6M: 15.57%
• 1Y: 29.48%
• 3Y*: 25.27%
• 5Y*: 8.07%
• 10Y*: 10.86%

TQQQ

• 1D: -1.55%
• 1M: 26.46%
• YTD: 61.91%
• 6M: 54.01%
• 1Y: 132.34%
• 3Y*: 68.49%
• 5Y*: 27.97%
• 10Y*: 44.95%

*Multi-year figures are annualized to reflect compound growth (CAGR)

UPV vs. TQQQ - Yearly Performance Comparison

	2026 (YTD)	2025	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017
UPV ProShares Ultra Europe	9.44%	68.63%	-4.51%	32.16%	-36.58%	32.38%	-3.15%	47.04%	-32.64%	57.44%
TQQQ ProShares UltraPro QQQ	61.91%	34.35%	58.27%	198.04%	-79.09%	82.98%	110.05%	133.84%	-19.79%	118.06%

Correlation

The correlation between UPV and TQQQ is 0.63, which is moderate. They share some common price drivers but move independently often enough to provide real diversification benefit when combined.

	Correlation
Correlation (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	0.63
Correlation (3Y) Calculated over the trailing 3-year period	0.59
Correlation (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period	0.64
Correlation (10Y) Calculated over the trailing 10-year period	0.58
Correlation (All Time) Calculated using the full available price history since May 10, 2010	0.60

The correlation between UPV and TQQQ has been stable across timeframes, ranging from 0.58 to 0.64 - a consistent structural relationship.

UPV vs. TQQQ - Sectors Allocation Comparison

Sectors	UPV	TQQQ
Financial Services	35.5%	0.2%
Basic Materials	-	1.1%
Communication Services	-	15.8%
Consumer Cyclical	-	12.3%
Consumer Defensive	-	7.7%
Energy	-	0.6%
Healthcare	-	4.2%
Industrials	-	2.8%
Real Estate	-	0.1%
Technology	-	53.8%
Utilities	-	1.4%

Return for Risk

UPV vs. TQQQ — Risk / Return Rank

Compare risk-adjusted metric ranks to identify better-performing investments over the past 12 months.

UPV

UPV Risk / Return Rank: 28
UPV Sharpe Ratio Rank: 27
UPV Sortino Ratio Rank: 28
UPV Omega Ratio Rank: 27
UPV Calmar Ratio Rank: 27
UPV Martin Ratio Rank: 30

TQQQ

TQQQ Risk / Return Rank: 71
TQQQ Sharpe Ratio Rank: 86
TQQQ Sortino Ratio Rank: 67
TQQQ Omega Ratio Rank: 66
TQQQ Calmar Ratio Rank: 73
TQQQ Martin Ratio Rank: 66

The rank (0–100) shows how this investment's returns compare to the risk taken. Higher = better. Based on the past 12 months of data, combining Sharpe, Sortino, and other metrics used by quantitative funds and institutional investors.

UPV vs. TQQQ - Risk-Adjusted Trends Comparison

This table presents a comparison of risk-adjusted performance metrics for ProShares Ultra Europe (UPV) and ProShares UltraPro QQQ (TQQQ). Risk-adjusted metrics are performance indicators that assess an investment's returns in relation to its risk, enabling a more accurate comparison of different investment options.

	UPV	TQQQ	Difference
Sharpe ratio: Return per unit of total volatility	0.96	2.80	-1.83
Sortino ratio: Return per unit of downside risk	1.47	3.01	-1.54
Omega ratio: Gain probability vs. loss probability	1.18	1.39	-0.21
Calmar ratio: Return relative to maximum drawdown	1.26	3.60	-2.34
Martin ratio: Return relative to average drawdown	4.31	11.77	-7.47
Data is calculated on a 1-year rolling basis and updated daily. The trend shows the change in the indicator over the past month.

UPV vs. TQQQ - Sharpe Ratio Comparison

The current UPV Sharpe Ratio is 0.96, which is lower than the TQQQ Sharpe Ratio of 2.80. The chart below compares the historical Sharpe Ratios of UPV and TQQQ, calculated using daily returns over the previous 12 months. A higher Sharpe Ratio indicates better risk-adjusted performance relative to the risk-free rate.

Sharpe Ratios by Period

	UPV	TQQQ	Difference
Sharpe Ratio (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	0.96	2.80	-1.83
Sharpe Ratio (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period	0.23	0.42	-0.19
Sharpe Ratio (10Y) Calculated over the trailing 10-year period	0.29	0.68	-0.39
Sharpe Ratio (All Time) Calculated using the full available price history	0.25	0.74	-0.48

Drawdowns

UPV vs. TQQQ - Drawdown Comparison

The maximum UPV drawdown since its inception was -67.25%, smaller than the maximum TQQQ drawdown of -81.66%. Use the drawdown chart below to compare losses from any high point for UPV and TQQQ.

Drawdown Indicators

	UPV	TQQQ	Difference
Max Drawdown Largest peak-to-trough decline	-67.25%	-81.66%	+14.41%
Max Drawdown (1Y) Largest decline over 1 year	-23.41%	-36.97%	+13.56%
Max Drawdown (3Y) Largest decline over 3 years	-27.54%	-58.04%	+30.50%
Max Drawdown (5Y) Largest decline over 5 years	-58.33%	-81.66%	+23.33%
Max Drawdown (10Y) Largest decline over 10 years	-67.25%	-81.66%	+14.41%
Current Drawdown Current decline from peak	-5.61%	-2.29%	-3.32%
Average Drawdown Average peak-to-trough decline	-20.82%	-18.52%	-2.30%
Ulcer Index Depth and duration of drawdowns from previous peaks	6.86%	11.28%	-4.42%

Volatility

UPV vs. TQQQ - Volatility Comparison

The current volatility for ProShares Ultra Europe (UPV) is 11.30%, while ProShares UltraPro QQQ (TQQQ) has a volatility of 13.35%. This indicates that UPV experiences smaller price fluctuations and is considered to be less risky than TQQQ based on this measure. The chart below showcases a comparison of their rolling one-month volatility.

Volatility by Period

	UPV	TQQQ	Difference
Volatility (1M) Calculated over the trailing 1-month period	11.30%	13.35%	-2.05%
Volatility (6M) Calculated over the trailing 6-month period	25.67%	36.04%	-10.37%
Volatility (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	30.76%	47.60%	-16.84%
Volatility (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period, annualized	35.39%	66.50%	-31.11%
Volatility (10Y) Calculated over the trailing 10-year period, annualized	37.14%	65.95%	-28.81%

UPV vs. TQQQ - Expense Ratio Comparison

Both UPV and TQQQ have an expense ratio of 0.95%.

Dividends

UPV vs. TQQQ - Dividend Comparison

UPV's dividend yield for the trailing twelve months is around 2.09%, more than TQQQ's 0.37% yield.

Position	TTM	2025	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017	2016	2015
TQQQ ProShares UltraPro QQQ	0.37%	0.65%	1.27%	1.26%	0.57%	0.00%	0.00%	0.06%	0.11%	0.00%	0.00%	0.01%
UPV ProShares Ultra Europe	2.09%	2.11%	2.70%	1.57%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.65%	3.80%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I hold both UPV and TQQQ in my portfolio?

UPV and TQQQ have a correlation of 0.63, meaning they provide meaningful diversification benefit when combined. Depending on your allocation goals, holding both could reduce overall portfolio risk.

Which is riskier, UPV or TQQQ?

TQQQ has higher volatility (13.35%) compared to UPV (11.30%). In terms of maximum drawdown, UPV dropped -67.25% vs TQQQ's -81.66%.

Which ETF is better, UPV or TQQQ?

On 10-year performance, TQQQ leads with 44.95% vs 10.86% for UPV. Both ETFs have the same 0.95% expense ratio. On volatility, UPV has been the lower-risk option at 11.30%. The better choice depends on whether you care most about return, fees, risk, or income.

Which ETF has performed better, UPV or TQQQ?

Over the 10-year period, TQQQ has performed better with a 44.95% return vs 10.86%. Past performance does not guarantee future results, so compare this with risk, fees, and fund exposure.

Which ETF is cheaper, UPV or TQQQ?

UPV and TQQQ have the same expense ratio: 0.95% per year.

Which ETF pays a higher dividend yield, UPV or TQQQ?

UPV has the higher dividend yield at 2.09%, compared with 0.37% for TQQQ.

What is the main difference between UPV and TQQQ?

UPV tracks MSCI Europe Index (200%), while TQQQ tracks NASDAQ-100 Index (300%).

Which has better risk-adjusted returns?

TQQQ currently has the higher Sharpe Ratio (2.80 vs 0.96), meaning it's delivered slightly more return per unit of risk over the trailing 12 months. However, this ranking shifts over time - use the Risk/Return Score above for a more comprehensive view that combines Sharpe, Sortino, and other measures used by quantitative funds.