DIA vs. UGA
DIA (State Street SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF Trust) and UGA (United States Gasoline Fund LP) are both exchange-traded funds - DIA is a Large Cap Blend Equities fund tracking the Dow Jones Industrial Average, while UGA is a Oil & Gas fund tracking the Front Month Unleaded Gasoline. Both are passively managed. Over the past 10 years, DIA returned 13.69%/yr vs 14.31%/yr for UGA. At a 0.25 correlation, their price movements are largely independent. DIA charges 0.16%/yr vs 0.75%/yr for UGA.
Performance
DIA vs. UGA - Performance Comparison
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Returns By Period
In the year-to-date period, DIA achieves a 8.31% return, which is significantly lower than UGA's 64.09% return. Both investments have delivered pretty close results over the past 10 years, with DIA having a 13.69% annualized return and UGA not far ahead at 14.31%.
DIA
- 1D
- -0.09%
- 1M
- 2.35%
- YTD
- 8.31%
- 6M
- 7.49%
- 1Y
- 23.20%
- 3Y*
- 17.21%
- 5Y*
- 10.52%
- 10Y*
- 13.69%
UGA
- 1D
- -1.12%
- 1M
- -12.11%
- YTD
- 64.09%
- 6M
- 60.42%
- 1Y
- 59.74%
- 3Y*
- 18.95%
- 5Y*
- 22.69%
- 10Y*
- 14.31%
DIA vs. UGA - Yearly Performance Comparison
| 2026 (YTD) | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DIA State Street SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF Trust | 8.31% | 14.71% | 14.82% | 16.02% | -7.02% | 20.83% | 9.59% | 24.70% | -3.74% | 28.08% |
UGA United States Gasoline Fund LP | 64.09% | -2.00% | 3.77% | 1.27% | 46.34% | 68.49% | -24.88% | 41.25% | -28.07% | 1.69% |
Correlation
The correlation between DIA and UGA is -0.30, meaning they tend to move in opposite directions. This is especially valuable for risk management - when one declines, the other has historically tended to hold steady or rise.
| Correlation | |
|---|---|
Correlation (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period | -0.30 |
Correlation (3Y) Calculated over the trailing 3-year period | -0.08 |
Correlation (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period | 0.08 |
Correlation (10Y) Calculated over the trailing 10-year period | 0.19 |
Correlation (All Time) Calculated using the full available price history since Feb 28, 2008 | 0.25 |
The correlation between DIA and UGA shifts across timeframes, from -0.30 (1 year) to 0.25 (all time), reflecting how their relationship changes across market environments.
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Return for Risk
DIA vs. UGA — Risk / Return Rank
DIA
UGA
DIA vs. UGA - Risk-Adjusted Trends Comparison
This table presents a comparison of risk-adjusted performance metrics for State Street SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF Trust (DIA) and United States Gasoline Fund LP (UGA). Risk-adjusted metrics are performance indicators that assess an investment's returns in relation to its risk, enabling a more accurate comparison of different investment options.
Values are calculated on a 1-year rolling basis and updated daily. Risk-adjusted metrics are more stable over longer periods — use the period switch above to explore them.
| DIA | UGA | Difference | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sharpe ratioReturn per unit of total volatility | +0.15 | ||
| Sortino ratioReturn per unit of downside risk | +0.49 | ||
| Omega ratioGain probability vs. loss probability | 1.33 | 1.30 | +0.04 |
| Calmar ratioReturn relative to maximum drawdown | 2.39 | 3.17 | -0.78 |
| Martin ratioReturn relative to average drawdown | 9.22 | 9.39 | -0.17 |
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Drawdowns
DIA vs. UGA - Drawdown Comparison
The maximum DIA drawdown since its inception was -51.87%, smaller than the maximum UGA drawdown of -86.59%. Use the drawdown chart below to compare losses from any high point for DIA and UGA.
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Drawdown Indicators
| DIA | UGA | Difference | |
|---|---|---|---|
Max DrawdownLargest peak-to-trough decline | -51.87% | -86.59% | +34.72% |
Max Drawdown (1Y)Largest decline over 1 year | -9.76% | -18.96% | +9.20% |
Max Drawdown (3Y)Largest decline over 3 years | -15.95% | -26.68% | +10.73% |
Max Drawdown (5Y)Largest decline over 5 years | -20.76% | -38.11% | +17.35% |
Max Drawdown (10Y)Largest decline over 10 years | -36.70% | -75.89% | +39.19% |
Current DrawdownCurrent decline from peak | -0.65% | -18.05% | +17.40% |
Average DrawdownAverage peak-to-trough decline | -7.13% | -36.69% | +29.56% |
Ulcer IndexDepth and duration of drawdowns from previous peaks | 2.52% | 6.43% | -3.91% |
Volatility
DIA vs. UGA - Volatility Comparison
The current volatility for State Street SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF Trust (DIA) is 4.15%, while United States Gasoline Fund LP (UGA) has a volatility of 9.24%. This indicates that DIA experiences smaller price fluctuations and is considered to be less risky than UGA based on this measure. The chart below showcases a comparison of their rolling one-month volatility.
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Volatility by Period
| DIA | UGA | Difference | |
|---|---|---|---|
Volatility (1M)Calculated over the trailing 1-month period | 4.15% | 9.24% | -5.09% |
Volatility (6M)Calculated over the trailing 6-month period | 9.76% | 30.57% | -20.81% |
Volatility (1Y)Calculated over the trailing 1-year period | 12.42% | 35.22% | -22.80% |
Volatility (5Y)Calculated over the trailing 5-year period, annualized | 14.84% | 34.45% | -19.61% |
Volatility (10Y)Calculated over the trailing 10-year period, annualized | 17.53% | 37.22% | -19.69% |
DIA vs. UGA - Expense Ratio Comparison
DIA has a 0.16% expense ratio, which is lower than UGA's 0.75% expense ratio.
Dividends
DIA vs. UGA - Dividend Comparison
DIA's dividend yield for the trailing twelve months is around 1.40%, while UGA has not paid dividends to shareholders.
| Position | TTM | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DIA State Street SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF Trust | 1.40% | 1.43% | 1.61% | 1.81% | 1.91% | 1.58% | 1.87% | 1.85% | 2.24% | 1.97% | 2.26% | 2.33% |
UGA United States Gasoline Fund LP | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
Frequently Asked Questions
DIA and UGA have a correlation of -0.30, meaning they provide meaningful diversification benefit when combined. Depending on your allocation goals, holding both could reduce overall portfolio risk.
UGA has higher volatility (9.24%) compared to DIA (4.15%). In terms of maximum drawdown, DIA dropped -51.87% vs UGA's -86.59%.
On 10-year performance, UGA leads with 14.31% vs 13.69% for DIA. On fees, DIA is cheaper at 0.16% per year. On volatility, DIA has been the lower-risk option at 4.15%. The better choice depends on whether you care most about return, fees, risk, or income.
Over the 10-year period, UGA has performed better with a 14.31% return vs 13.69%. Past performance does not guarantee future results, so compare this with risk, fees, and fund exposure.
DIA is cheaper with a 0.16% expense ratio, compared with 0.75% for UGA.
DIA has the higher dividend yield at 1.40%, compared with 0.00% for UGA.
DIA is categorized as Large Cap Blend Equities, while UGA is Oil & Gas. DIA tracks Dow Jones Industrial Average, while UGA tracks Front Month Unleaded Gasoline. They also come from different issuers: State Street and Concierge Technologies. Their fees differ too: 0.16% for DIA and 0.75% for UGA.
DIA currently has the higher Sharpe Ratio (1.88 vs 1.73), meaning it's delivered slightly more return per unit of risk over the trailing 12 months. However, this ranking shifts over time - use the Risk/Return Score above for a more comprehensive view that combines Sharpe, Sortino, and other measures used by quantitative funds.
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