UPV vs. DBO

Last updated Jun 5, 2026

UPV (ProShares Ultra Europe) and DBO (Invesco DB Oil Fund) are both exchange-traded funds - UPV is a Leveraged Equities fund tracking the MSCI Europe Index (200%), while DBO is a Oil & Gas fund tracking the DBIQ Optimum Yield Crude Oil Index Excess Return. Both are passively managed. Over the past 10 years, UPV returned 10.86%/yr vs 10.89%/yr for DBO. At a 0.27 correlation, their price movements are largely independent. UPV charges 0.95%/yr vs 0.78%/yr for DBO.

Performance

UPV vs. DBO - Performance Comparison

The chart below illustrates the hypothetical performance of a $10,000 investment in ProShares Ultra Europe (UPV) and Invesco DB Oil Fund (DBO). The values are adjusted to include any dividend payments, if applicable.

Returns By Period

In the year-to-date period, UPV achieves a 9.44% return, which is significantly lower than DBO's 79.84% return. Both investments have delivered pretty close results over the past 10 years, with UPV having a 10.86% annualized return and DBO not far ahead at 10.89%.

UPV

• 1D: 2.14%
• 1M: 3.94%
• YTD: 9.44%
• 6M: 15.57%
• 1Y: 29.48%
• 3Y*: 25.27%
• 5Y*: 8.07%
• 10Y*: 10.86%

DBO

• 1D: -2.66%
• 1M: -3.39%
• YTD: 79.84%
• 6M: 74.51%
• 1Y: 77.38%
• 3Y*: 20.83%
• 5Y*: 15.36%
• 10Y*: 10.89%

*Multi-year figures are annualized to reflect compound growth (CAGR)

UPV vs. DBO - Yearly Performance Comparison

	2026 (YTD)	2025	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017
UPV ProShares Ultra Europe	9.44%	68.63%	-4.51%	32.16%	-36.58%	32.38%	-3.15%	47.04%	-32.64%	57.44%
DBO Invesco DB Oil Fund	79.84%	-11.71%	7.85%	-4.44%	13.04%	60.74%	-20.99%	28.05%	-15.22%	4.86%

Correlation

The correlation between UPV and DBO is -0.37, meaning they tend to move in opposite directions. This is especially valuable for risk management - when one declines, the other has historically tended to hold steady or rise.

	Correlation
Correlation (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	-0.37
Correlation (3Y) Calculated over the trailing 3-year period	-0.10
Correlation (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period	0.07
Correlation (10Y) Calculated over the trailing 10-year period	0.18
Correlation (All Time) Calculated using the full available price history since May 10, 2010	0.27

The correlation between UPV and DBO shifts across timeframes, from -0.37 (1 year) to 0.27 (all time), reflecting how their relationship changes across market environments.

UPV vs. DBO - Sectors Allocation Comparison

Sectors	UPV	DBO
Financial Services	35.5%	116.0%
Basic Materials	-	-
Communication Services	-	-
Consumer Cyclical	-	-
Consumer Defensive	-	-
Energy	-	-
Healthcare	-	-
Industrials	-	-
Real Estate	-	-
Technology	-	-
Utilities	-	-

Return for Risk

UPV vs. DBO — Risk / Return Rank

Compare risk-adjusted metric ranks to identify better-performing investments over the past 12 months.

UPV

UPV Risk / Return Rank: 28
UPV Sharpe Ratio Rank: 27
UPV Sortino Ratio Rank: 28
UPV Omega Ratio Rank: 27
UPV Calmar Ratio Rank: 27
UPV Martin Ratio Rank: 30

DBO

DBO Risk / Return Rank: 65
DBO Sharpe Ratio Rank: 70
DBO Sortino Ratio Rank: 62
DBO Omega Ratio Rank: 61
DBO Calmar Ratio Rank: 82
DBO Martin Ratio Rank: 52

The rank (0–100) shows how this investment's returns compare to the risk taken. Higher = better. Based on the past 12 months of data, combining Sharpe, Sortino, and other metrics used by quantitative funds and institutional investors.

UPV vs. DBO - Risk-Adjusted Trends Comparison

This table presents a comparison of risk-adjusted performance metrics for ProShares Ultra Europe (UPV) and Invesco DB Oil Fund (DBO). Risk-adjusted metrics are performance indicators that assess an investment's returns in relation to its risk, enabling a more accurate comparison of different investment options.

	UPV	DBO	Difference
Sharpe ratio: Return per unit of total volatility	0.96	2.25	-1.29
Sortino ratio: Return per unit of downside risk	1.47	2.85	-1.38
Omega ratio: Gain probability vs. loss probability	1.18	1.36	-0.18
Calmar ratio: Return relative to maximum drawdown	1.26	4.28	-3.01
Martin ratio: Return relative to average drawdown	4.31	8.69	-4.38
Data is calculated on a 1-year rolling basis and updated daily. The trend shows the change in the indicator over the past month.

UPV vs. DBO - Sharpe Ratio Comparison

The current UPV Sharpe Ratio is 0.96, which is lower than the DBO Sharpe Ratio of 2.25. The chart below compares the historical Sharpe Ratios of UPV and DBO, calculated using daily returns over the previous 12 months. A higher Sharpe Ratio indicates better risk-adjusted performance relative to the risk-free rate.

Sharpe Ratios by Period

	UPV	DBO	Difference
Sharpe Ratio (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	0.96	2.25	-1.29
Sharpe Ratio (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period	0.23	0.48	-0.25
Sharpe Ratio (10Y) Calculated over the trailing 10-year period	0.29	0.34	-0.05
Sharpe Ratio (All Time) Calculated using the full available price history	0.25	0.02	+0.24

Drawdowns

UPV vs. DBO - Drawdown Comparison

The maximum UPV drawdown since its inception was -67.25%, smaller than the maximum DBO drawdown of -90.18%. Use the drawdown chart below to compare losses from any high point for UPV and DBO.

Drawdown Indicators

	UPV	DBO	Difference
Max Drawdown Largest peak-to-trough decline	-67.25%	-90.18%	+22.93%
Max Drawdown (1Y) Largest decline over 1 year	-23.41%	-18.19%	-5.22%
Max Drawdown (3Y) Largest decline over 3 years	-27.54%	-28.20%	+0.66%
Max Drawdown (5Y) Largest decline over 5 years	-58.33%	-37.68%	-20.65%
Max Drawdown (10Y) Largest decline over 10 years	-67.25%	-61.69%	-5.56%
Current Drawdown Current decline from peak	-5.61%	-52.68%	+47.07%
Average Drawdown Average peak-to-trough decline	-20.82%	-62.25%	+41.43%
Ulcer Index Depth and duration of drawdowns from previous peaks	6.86%	8.94%	-2.08%

Volatility

UPV vs. DBO - Volatility Comparison

The current volatility for ProShares Ultra Europe (UPV) is 11.30%, while Invesco DB Oil Fund (DBO) has a volatility of 12.79%. This indicates that UPV experiences smaller price fluctuations and is considered to be less risky than DBO based on this measure. The chart below showcases a comparison of their rolling one-month volatility.

Volatility by Period

	UPV	DBO	Difference
Volatility (1M) Calculated over the trailing 1-month period	11.30%	12.79%	-1.49%
Volatility (6M) Calculated over the trailing 6-month period	25.67%	28.32%	-2.65%
Volatility (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	30.76%	34.58%	-3.82%
Volatility (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period, annualized	35.39%	32.31%	+3.08%
Volatility (10Y) Calculated over the trailing 10-year period, annualized	37.14%	31.79%	+5.35%

UPV vs. DBO - Expense Ratio Comparison

UPV has a 0.95% expense ratio, which is higher than DBO's 0.78% expense ratio.

Dividends

UPV vs. DBO - Dividend Comparison

UPV's dividend yield for the trailing twelve months is around 2.09%, more than DBO's 1.95% yield.

Position	TTM	2025	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018
DBO Invesco DB Oil Fund	1.95%	3.51%	4.68%	4.59%	0.66%	0.00%	0.00%	1.63%	1.58%
UPV ProShares Ultra Europe	2.09%	2.11%	2.70%	1.57%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.65%	3.80%

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I hold both UPV and DBO in my portfolio?

UPV and DBO have a correlation of -0.37, meaning they provide meaningful diversification benefit when combined. Depending on your allocation goals, holding both could reduce overall portfolio risk.

Which is riskier, UPV or DBO?

DBO has higher volatility (12.79%) compared to UPV (11.30%). In terms of maximum drawdown, UPV dropped -67.25% vs DBO's -90.18%.

Which ETF is better, UPV or DBO?

On 10-year performance, DBO leads with 10.89% vs 10.86% for UPV. On fees, DBO is cheaper at 0.78% per year. On volatility, UPV has been the lower-risk option at 11.30%. The better choice depends on whether you care most about return, fees, risk, or income.

Which ETF has performed better, UPV or DBO?

Over the 10-year period, DBO has performed better with a 10.89% return vs 10.86%. Past performance does not guarantee future results, so compare this with risk, fees, and fund exposure.

Which ETF is cheaper, UPV or DBO?

DBO is cheaper with a 0.78% expense ratio, compared with 0.95% for UPV.

Which ETF pays a higher dividend yield, UPV or DBO?

UPV has the higher dividend yield at 2.09%, compared with 1.95% for DBO.

What is the main difference between UPV and DBO?

UPV is categorized as Leveraged Equities, while DBO is Oil & Gas. UPV tracks MSCI Europe Index (200%), while DBO tracks DBIQ Optimum Yield Crude Oil Index Excess Return. They also come from different issuers: ProShares and Invesco. Their fees differ too: 0.95% for UPV and 0.78% for DBO.

Which has better risk-adjusted returns?

DBO currently has the higher Sharpe Ratio (2.25 vs 0.96), meaning it's delivered slightly more return per unit of risk over the trailing 12 months. However, this ranking shifts over time - use the Risk/Return Score above for a more comprehensive view that combines Sharpe, Sortino, and other measures used by quantitative funds.