IMAY vs. USO

Last updated Jun 6, 2026

IMAY (Innovator International Developed Power Buffer ETF - May) and USO (United States Oil Fund LP) are both exchange-traded funds - IMAY is a Defined Outcome fund actively managed by Innovator, while USO is a Oil & Gas fund tracking the Front Month Light Sweet Crude Oil. IMAY is actively managed, while USO is passively managed. Over the past year, IMAY returned 11.67% vs 90.22% for USO. At a correlation of -0.10, they often move in opposite directions. IMAY charges 0.85%/yr vs 0.86%/yr for USO.

Performance

IMAY vs. USO - Performance Comparison

The chart below illustrates the hypothetical performance of a $10,000 investment in Innovator International Developed Power Buffer ETF - May (IMAY) and United States Oil Fund LP (USO). The values are adjusted to include any dividend payments, if applicable.

Returns By Period

In the year-to-date period, IMAY achieves a 4.39% return, which is significantly lower than USO's 92.34% return.

IMAY

• 1D: -1.39%
• 1M: -1.13%
• YTD: 4.39%
• 6M: 5.94%
• 1Y: 11.67%
• 3Y*: —
• 5Y*: —
• 10Y*: —

USO

• 1D: -2.72%
• 1M: -0.69%
• YTD: 92.34%
• 6M: 84.96%
• 1Y: 90.22%
• 3Y*: 27.76%
• 5Y*: 22.99%
• 10Y*: 3.13%

*Multi-year figures are annualized to reflect compound growth (CAGR)

IMAY vs. USO - Yearly Performance Comparison

	2026 (YTD)	2025	2024
IMAY Innovator International Developed Power Buffer ETF - May	4.39%	20.08%	0.30%
USO United States Oil Fund LP	92.34%	-8.46%	-0.50%

Correlation

The correlation between IMAY and USO is -0.33, meaning they tend to move in opposite directions. This is especially valuable for risk management - when one declines, the other has historically tended to hold steady or rise.

	Correlation
Correlation (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	-0.33
Correlation (All Time) Calculated using the full available price history since May 2, 2024	-0.10

Over the past year, the inverse relationship between IMAY and USO has strengthened: their correlation has moved from -0.10 to -0.33, meaning they now move in opposite directions more often than their long-term average.

Return for Risk

IMAY vs. USO — Risk / Return Rank

Compare risk-adjusted metric ranks to identify better-performing investments over the past 12 months.

IMAY

IMAY Risk / Return Rank: 56
IMAY Sharpe Ratio Rank: 50
IMAY Sortino Ratio Rank: 51
IMAY Omega Ratio Rank: 54
IMAY Calmar Ratio Rank: 60
IMAY Martin Ratio Rank: 67

USO

USO Risk / Return Rank: 63
USO Sharpe Ratio Rank: 62
USO Sortino Ratio Rank: 58
USO Omega Ratio Rank: 58
USO Calmar Ratio Rank: 84
USO Martin Ratio Rank: 51

The rank (0–100) shows how this investment's returns compare to the risk taken. Higher = better. Based on the past 12 months of data, combining Sharpe, Sortino, and other metrics used by quantitative funds and institutional investors.

IMAY vs. USO - Risk-Adjusted Trends Comparison

This table presents a comparison of risk-adjusted performance metrics for Innovator International Developed Power Buffer ETF - May (IMAY) and United States Oil Fund LP (USO). Risk-adjusted metrics are performance indicators that assess an investment's returns in relation to its risk, enabling a more accurate comparison of different investment options.

	IMAY	USO	Difference
Sharpe ratio: Return per unit of total volatility	1.59	2.04	-0.45
Sortino ratio: Return per unit of downside risk	2.28	2.66	-0.38
Omega ratio: Gain probability vs. loss probability	1.31	1.35	-0.04
Calmar ratio: Return relative to maximum drawdown	2.78	4.45	-1.67
Martin ratio: Return relative to average drawdown	11.45	8.33	+3.13
Data is calculated on a 1-year rolling basis and updated daily. The trend shows the change in the indicator over the past month.

IMAY vs. USO - Sharpe Ratio Comparison

The current IMAY Sharpe Ratio is 1.59, which is comparable to the USO Sharpe Ratio of 2.04. The chart below compares the historical Sharpe Ratios of IMAY and USO, calculated using daily returns over the previous 12 months. A higher Sharpe Ratio indicates better risk-adjusted performance relative to the risk-free rate.

Sharpe Ratios by Period

	IMAY	USO	Difference
Sharpe Ratio (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	1.59	2.04	-0.45
Sharpe Ratio (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period	—	0.64	—
Sharpe Ratio (10Y) Calculated over the trailing 10-year period	—	0.08	—
Sharpe Ratio (All Time) Calculated using the full available price history	1.22	-0.18	+1.41

Drawdowns

IMAY vs. USO - Drawdown Comparison

The maximum IMAY drawdown since its inception was -9.38%, smaller than the maximum USO drawdown of -98.19%. Use the drawdown chart below to compare losses from any high point for IMAY and USO.

Drawdown Indicators

	IMAY	USO	Difference
Max Drawdown Largest peak-to-trough decline	-9.38%	-98.19%	+88.81%
Max Drawdown (1Y) Largest decline over 1 year	-4.22%	-20.39%	+16.17%
Max Drawdown (3Y) Largest decline over 3 years	—	-26.05%	—
Max Drawdown (5Y) Largest decline over 5 years	—	-36.23%	—
Max Drawdown (10Y) Largest decline over 10 years	—	-86.75%	—
Current Drawdown Current decline from peak	-1.48%	-85.85%	+84.37%
Average Drawdown Average peak-to-trough decline	-1.73%	-75.30%	+73.57%
Ulcer Index Depth and duration of drawdowns from previous peaks	1.02%	10.87%	-9.85%

Volatility

IMAY vs. USO - Volatility Comparison

The current volatility for Innovator International Developed Power Buffer ETF - May (IMAY) is 2.86%, while United States Oil Fund LP (USO) has a volatility of 13.30%. This indicates that IMAY experiences smaller price fluctuations and is considered to be less risky than USO based on this measure. The chart below showcases a comparison of their rolling one-month volatility.

Volatility by Period

	IMAY	USO	Difference
Volatility (1M) Calculated over the trailing 1-month period	2.86%	13.30%	-10.44%
Volatility (6M) Calculated over the trailing 6-month period	5.93%	38.49%	-32.56%
Volatility (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	7.36%	44.41%	-37.05%
Volatility (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period, annualized	9.51%	36.09%	-26.58%
Volatility (10Y) Calculated over the trailing 10-year period, annualized	9.51%	39.01%	-29.50%

IMAY vs. USO - Expense Ratio Comparison

IMAY has a 0.85% expense ratio, which is lower than USO's 0.86% expense ratio.

Dividends

IMAY vs. USO - Dividend Comparison

Neither IMAY nor USO has paid dividends to shareholders.

Tickers have no history of dividend payments

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I hold both IMAY and USO in my portfolio?

IMAY and USO have a correlation of -0.33, meaning they provide meaningful diversification benefit when combined. Depending on your allocation goals, holding both could reduce overall portfolio risk.

Which is riskier, IMAY or USO?

USO has higher volatility (13.30%) compared to IMAY (2.86%). In terms of maximum drawdown, IMAY dropped -9.38% vs USO's -98.19%.

Which ETF is better, IMAY or USO?

On 1-year performance, USO leads with 90.22% vs 11.67% for IMAY. On fees, IMAY is cheaper at 0.85% per year. On volatility, IMAY has been the lower-risk option at 2.86%. The better choice depends on whether you care most about return, fees, risk, or income.

Which ETF has performed better, IMAY or USO?

Over the 1-year period, USO has performed better with a 90.22% return vs 11.67%. Past performance does not guarantee future results, so compare this with risk, fees, and fund exposure.

Which ETF is cheaper, IMAY or USO?

IMAY is cheaper with a 0.85% expense ratio, compared with 0.86% for USO.

Which ETF pays a higher dividend yield, IMAY or USO?

IMAY and USO have nearly identical dividend yields, around 0.00%.

What is the main difference between IMAY and USO?

IMAY is categorized as Defined Outcome, while USO is Oil & Gas. They also come from different issuers: Innovator and USCF. Their fees differ too: 0.85% for IMAY and 0.86% for USO.

Which has better risk-adjusted returns?

USO currently has the higher Sharpe Ratio (2.04 vs 1.59), meaning it's delivered slightly more return per unit of risk over the trailing 12 months. However, this ranking shifts over time - use the Risk/Return Score above for a more comprehensive view that combines Sharpe, Sortino, and other measures used by quantitative funds.