IVOO vs. VO

Last updated Jun 3, 2026

IVOO (Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 ETF) and VO (Vanguard Mid-Cap ETF) are both exchange-traded funds - IVOO is a Small Cap Growth Equities fund tracking the S&P MidCap 400 Index, while VO is a Mid Cap Blend Equities fund tracking the CRSP US Mid Cap Index. Both are passively managed. Over the past 10 years, IVOO returned 11.22%/yr vs 11.60%/yr for VO. Their correlation of 0.94 suggests significant overlap in exposure. IVOO charges 0.10%/yr vs 0.03%/yr for VO.

Performance

IVOO vs. VO - Performance Comparison

The chart below illustrates the hypothetical performance of a $10,000 investment in Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 ETF (IVOO) and Vanguard Mid-Cap ETF (VO). The values are adjusted to include any dividend payments, if applicable.

Returns By Period

In the year-to-date period, IVOO achieves a 14.15% return, which is significantly higher than VO's 10.55% return. Both investments have delivered pretty close results over the past 10 years, with IVOO having a 11.22% annualized return and VO not far ahead at 11.60%.

IVOO

• 1D: 0.86%
• 1M: 3.31%
• YTD: 14.15%
• 6M: 15.23%
• 1Y: 27.06%
• 3Y*: 16.07%
• 5Y*: 8.27%
• 10Y*: 11.22%

VO

• 1D: 0.91%
• 1M: 3.47%
• YTD: 10.55%
• 6M: 11.09%
• 1Y: 19.85%
• 3Y*: 16.87%
• 5Y*: 8.11%
• 10Y*: 11.60%

*Multi-year figures are annualized to reflect compound growth (CAGR)

IVOO vs. VO - Yearly Performance Comparison

	2026 (YTD)	2025	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017
IVOO Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 ETF	14.15%	7.47%	13.77%	16.45%	-13.17%	24.61%	13.61%	26.18%	-11.33%	16.38%
VO Vanguard Mid-Cap ETF	10.55%	11.62%	15.31%	16.03%	-18.73%	24.70%	18.10%	30.98%	-9.24%	19.28%

Correlation

The correlation between IVOO and VO is 0.92, indicating a strong positive relationship between their price movements. Combining them offers limited diversification - they tend to fall together during downturns.

	Correlation
Correlation (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	0.92
Correlation (3Y) Calculated over the trailing 3-year period	0.94
Correlation (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period	0.95
Correlation (10Y) Calculated over the trailing 10-year period	0.94
Correlation (All Time) Calculated using the full available price history since Sep 10, 2010	0.94

The correlation between IVOO and VO has been stable across timeframes, ranging from 0.92 to 0.95 - a consistent structural relationship.

IVOO vs. VO - Sectors Allocation Comparison

Sectors	IVOO	VO
Industrials	25.1%	17.9%
Technology	15.7%	18.6%
Financial Services	14.4%	12.8%
Consumer Cyclical	10.7%	8.6%
Healthcare	8.6%	7.6%
Real Estate	7.5%	5.4%
Energy	5.5%	8.5%
Basic Materials	4.8%	4.2%
Consumer Defensive	3.8%	4.8%
Utilities	3.1%	8.3%
Communication Services	1.0%	3.1%

Return for Risk

IVOO vs. VO — Risk / Return Rank

Compare risk-adjusted metric ranks to identify better-performing investments over the past 12 months.

IVOO

IVOO Risk / Return Rank: 54
IVOO Sharpe Ratio Rank: 50
IVOO Sortino Ratio Rank: 52
IVOO Omega Ratio Rank: 48
IVOO Calmar Ratio Rank: 61
IVOO Martin Ratio Rank: 62

VO

VO Risk / Return Rank: 48
VO Sharpe Ratio Rank: 46
VO Sortino Ratio Rank: 47
VO Omega Ratio Rank: 44
VO Calmar Ratio Rank: 49
VO Martin Ratio Rank: 54

The rank (0–100) shows how this investment's returns compare to the risk taken. Higher = better. Based on the past 12 months of data, combining Sharpe, Sortino, and other metrics used by quantitative funds and institutional investors.

IVOO vs. VO - Risk-Adjusted Trends Comparison

This table presents a comparison of risk-adjusted performance metrics for Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 ETF (IVOO) and Vanguard Mid-Cap ETF (VO). Risk-adjusted metrics are performance indicators that assess an investment's returns in relation to its risk, enabling a more accurate comparison of different investment options.

	IVOO	VO	Difference
Sharpe ratio Return per unit of total volatility	1.75	1.62	+0.13
Sortino ratio Return per unit of downside risk	2.54	2.32	+0.22
Omega ratio Gain probability vs. loss probability	1.31	1.28	+0.02
Calmar ratio Return relative to maximum drawdown	3.06	2.46	+0.60
Martin ratio Return relative to average drawdown	11.19	9.40	+1.79
Data is calculated on a 1-year rolling basis and updated daily. The trend shows the change in the indicator over the past month.

IVOO vs. VO - Sharpe Ratio Comparison

The current IVOO Sharpe Ratio is 1.75, which is comparable to the VO Sharpe Ratio of 1.62. The chart below compares the historical Sharpe Ratios of IVOO and VO, calculated using daily returns over the previous 12 months. A higher Sharpe Ratio indicates better risk-adjusted performance relative to the risk-free rate.

Sharpe Ratios by Period

	IVOO	VO	Difference
Sharpe Ratio (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	1.75	1.62	+0.13
Sharpe Ratio (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period	0.42	0.46	-0.04
Sharpe Ratio (10Y) Calculated over the trailing 10-year period	0.53	0.61	-0.08
Sharpe Ratio (All Time) Calculated using the full available price history	0.62	0.50	+0.11

Drawdowns

IVOO vs. VO - Drawdown Comparison

The maximum IVOO drawdown since its inception was -42.33%, smaller than the maximum VO drawdown of -58.87%. Use the drawdown chart below to compare losses from any high point for IVOO and VO.

Drawdown Indicators

	IVOO	VO	Difference
Max Drawdown Largest peak-to-trough decline	-42.33%	-58.87%	+16.54%
Max Drawdown (1Y) Largest decline over 1 year	-8.81%	-8.17%	-0.64%
Max Drawdown (3Y) Largest decline over 3 years	-24.22%	-19.02%	-5.20%
Max Drawdown (5Y) Largest decline over 5 years	-24.22%	-27.57%	+3.35%
Max Drawdown (10Y) Largest decline over 10 years	-42.33%	-39.37%	-2.96%
Current Drawdown Current decline from peak	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Average Drawdown Average peak-to-trough decline	-5.27%	-7.86%	+2.59%
Ulcer Index Depth and duration of drawdowns from previous peaks	2.41%	2.14%	+0.27%

Volatility

IVOO vs. VO - Volatility Comparison

Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 ETF (IVOO) has a higher volatility of 4.46% compared to Vanguard Mid-Cap ETF (VO) at 2.95%. This indicates that IVOO's price experiences larger fluctuations and is considered to be riskier than VO based on this measure. The chart below showcases a comparison of their rolling one-month volatility.

Volatility by Period

	IVOO	VO	Difference
Volatility (1M) Calculated over the trailing 1-month period	4.46%	2.95%	+1.51%
Volatility (6M) Calculated over the trailing 6-month period	11.38%	9.23%	+2.15%
Volatility (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	15.56%	12.33%	+3.23%
Volatility (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period, annualized	19.73%	17.59%	+2.14%
Volatility (10Y) Calculated over the trailing 10-year period, annualized	21.20%	18.95%	+2.25%

IVOO vs. VO - Expense Ratio Comparison

IVOO has a 0.10% expense ratio, which is higher than VO's 0.03% expense ratio. However, both funds are considered low-cost compared to the broader market, where average expense ratios usually range from 0.3% to 0.9%.

Dividends

IVOO vs. VO - Dividend Comparison

IVOO's dividend yield for the trailing twelve months is around 1.19%, less than VO's 1.35% yield.

Position	TTM	2025	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017	2016	2015
IVOO Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 ETF	1.19%	1.35%	1.30%	1.25%	1.58%	1.14%	1.23%	1.49%	1.56%	1.22%	1.37%	1.45%
VO Vanguard Mid-Cap ETF	1.35%	1.52%	1.49%	1.52%	1.60%	1.12%	1.45%	1.48%	1.82%	1.35%	1.45%	1.47%

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I hold both IVOO and VO in my portfolio?

With a correlation of 0.92, IVOO and VO move almost identically. Holding both adds very little diversification - you're essentially doubling your position in the same market segment. Choosing one is usually more capital-efficient.

Which is riskier, IVOO or VO?

IVOO has higher volatility (4.46%) compared to VO (2.95%). In terms of maximum drawdown, IVOO dropped -42.33% vs VO's -58.87%.

Which ETF is better, IVOO or VO?

On 10-year performance, VO leads with 11.60% vs 11.22% for IVOO. On fees, VO is cheaper at 0.03% per year. On volatility, VO has been the lower-risk option at 2.95%. The better choice depends on whether you care most about return, fees, risk, or income.

Which ETF has performed better, IVOO or VO?

Over the 10-year period, VO has performed better with a 11.60% return vs 11.22%. Past performance does not guarantee future results, so compare this with risk, fees, and fund exposure.

Which ETF is cheaper, IVOO or VO?

VO is cheaper with a 0.03% expense ratio, compared with 0.10% for IVOO.

Which ETF pays a higher dividend yield, IVOO or VO?

VO has the higher dividend yield at 1.35%, compared with 1.19% for IVOO.

What is the main difference between IVOO and VO?

IVOO is categorized as Small Cap Growth Equities, while VO is Mid Cap Blend Equities. IVOO tracks S&P MidCap 400 Index, while VO tracks CRSP US Mid Cap Index. Their fees differ too: 0.10% for IVOO and 0.03% for VO.

Which has better risk-adjusted returns?

IVOO currently has the higher Sharpe Ratio (1.75 vs 1.62), meaning it's delivered slightly more return per unit of risk over the trailing 12 months. However, this ranking shifts over time - use the Risk/Return Score above for a more comprehensive view that combines Sharpe, Sortino, and other measures used by quantitative funds.