VIOV vs. IVOO

Last updated Jun 3, 2026

VIOV (Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Value ETF) and IVOO (Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 ETF) are both exchange-traded funds - VIOV is a Small Cap Value Equities fund tracking the S&P SmallCap 600 Value Index, while IVOO is a Small Cap Growth Equities fund tracking the S&P MidCap 400 Index. Both are passively managed. Over the past 10 years, VIOV returned 10.37%/yr vs 11.22%/yr for IVOO. Their correlation of 0.89 suggests significant overlap in exposure. Both charge a 0.10% expense ratio.

Performance

VIOV vs. IVOO - Performance Comparison

The chart below illustrates the hypothetical performance of a $10,000 investment in Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Value ETF (VIOV) and Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 ETF (IVOO). The values are adjusted to include any dividend payments, if applicable.

Returns By Period

In the year-to-date period, VIOV achieves a 16.78% return, which is significantly higher than IVOO's 14.15% return. Over the past 10 years, VIOV has underperformed IVOO with an annualized return of 10.37%, while IVOO has yielded a comparatively higher 11.22% annualized return.

VIOV

• 1D: 1.15%
• 1M: 2.34%
• YTD: 16.78%
• 6M: 17.90%
• 1Y: 41.64%
• 3Y*: 14.79%
• 5Y*: 6.04%
• 10Y*: 10.37%

IVOO

• 1D: 0.86%
• 1M: 3.31%
• YTD: 14.15%
• 6M: 15.23%
• 1Y: 27.06%
• 3Y*: 16.07%
• 5Y*: 8.27%
• 10Y*: 11.22%

*Multi-year figures are annualized to reflect compound growth (CAGR)

VIOV vs. IVOO - Yearly Performance Comparison

	2026 (YTD)	2025	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017
VIOV Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Value ETF	16.78%	6.63%	7.44%	15.36%	-11.37%	30.67%	2.81%	24.44%	-12.85%	11.54%
IVOO Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 ETF	14.15%	7.47%	13.77%	16.45%	-13.17%	24.61%	13.61%	26.18%	-11.33%	16.38%

Correlation

The correlation between VIOV and IVOO is 0.90, indicating a strong positive relationship between their price movements. Combining them offers limited diversification - they tend to fall together during downturns.

	Correlation
Correlation (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	0.90
Correlation (3Y) Calculated over the trailing 3-year period	0.92
Correlation (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period	0.93
Correlation (10Y) Calculated over the trailing 10-year period	0.93
Correlation (All Time) Calculated using the full available price history since Sep 10, 2010	0.89

The correlation between VIOV and IVOO has been stable across timeframes, ranging from 0.89 to 0.93 - a consistent structural relationship.

VIOV vs. IVOO - Sectors Allocation Comparison

Sectors	VIOV	IVOO
Financial Services	19.8%	14.4%
Consumer Cyclical	15.4%	10.7%
Industrials	12.7%	25.1%
Technology	10.6%	15.7%
Energy	9.1%	5.5%
Real Estate	8.8%	7.5%
Healthcare	7.5%	8.6%
Basic Materials	6.3%	4.8%
Consumer Defensive	3.8%	3.8%
Communication Services	3.4%	1.0%
Utilities	1.9%	3.1%

Return for Risk

VIOV vs. IVOO — Risk / Return Rank

Compare risk-adjusted metric ranks to identify better-performing investments over the past 12 months.

VIOV

VIOV Risk / Return Rank: 71
VIOV Sharpe Ratio Rank: 68
VIOV Sortino Ratio Rank: 70
VIOV Omega Ratio Rank: 64
VIOV Calmar Ratio Rank: 82
VIOV Martin Ratio Rank: 74

IVOO

IVOO Risk / Return Rank: 54
IVOO Sharpe Ratio Rank: 50
IVOO Sortino Ratio Rank: 52
IVOO Omega Ratio Rank: 48
IVOO Calmar Ratio Rank: 61
IVOO Martin Ratio Rank: 62

The rank (0–100) shows how this investment's returns compare to the risk taken. Higher = better. Based on the past 12 months of data, combining Sharpe, Sortino, and other metrics used by quantitative funds and institutional investors.

VIOV vs. IVOO - Risk-Adjusted Trends Comparison

This table presents a comparison of risk-adjusted performance metrics for Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Value ETF (VIOV) and Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 ETF (IVOO). Risk-adjusted metrics are performance indicators that assess an investment's returns in relation to its risk, enabling a more accurate comparison of different investment options.

	VIOV	IVOO	Difference
Sharpe ratio Return per unit of total volatility	2.28	1.75	+0.53
Sortino ratio Return per unit of downside risk	3.23	2.54	+0.69
Omega ratio Gain probability vs. loss probability	1.39	1.31	+0.08
Calmar ratio Return relative to maximum drawdown	4.36	3.06	+1.30
Martin ratio Return relative to average drawdown	14.24	11.19	+3.05
Data is calculated on a 1-year rolling basis and updated daily. The trend shows the change in the indicator over the past month.

VIOV vs. IVOO - Sharpe Ratio Comparison

The current VIOV Sharpe Ratio is 2.28, which is higher than the IVOO Sharpe Ratio of 1.75. The chart below compares the historical Sharpe Ratios of VIOV and IVOO, calculated using daily returns over the previous 12 months. A higher Sharpe Ratio indicates better risk-adjusted performance relative to the risk-free rate.

Sharpe Ratios by Period

	VIOV	IVOO	Difference
Sharpe Ratio (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	2.28	1.75	+0.53
Sharpe Ratio (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period	0.28	0.42	-0.15
Sharpe Ratio (10Y) Calculated over the trailing 10-year period	0.44	0.53	-0.10
Sharpe Ratio (All Time) Calculated using the full available price history	0.54	0.62	-0.08

Drawdowns

VIOV vs. IVOO - Drawdown Comparison

The maximum VIOV drawdown since its inception was -47.36%, which is greater than IVOO's maximum drawdown of -42.33%. Use the drawdown chart below to compare losses from any high point for VIOV and IVOO.

Drawdown Indicators

	VIOV	IVOO	Difference
Max Drawdown Largest peak-to-trough decline	-47.36%	-42.33%	-5.03%
Max Drawdown (1Y) Largest decline over 1 year	-9.33%	-8.81%	-0.52%
Max Drawdown (3Y) Largest decline over 3 years	-28.44%	-24.22%	-4.22%
Max Drawdown (5Y) Largest decline over 5 years	-28.44%	-24.22%	-4.22%
Max Drawdown (10Y) Largest decline over 10 years	-47.36%	-42.33%	-5.03%
Current Drawdown Current decline from peak	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Average Drawdown Average peak-to-trough decline	-7.38%	-5.27%	-2.11%
Ulcer Index Depth and duration of drawdowns from previous peaks	2.86%	2.41%	+0.45%

Volatility

VIOV vs. IVOO - Volatility Comparison

Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Value ETF (VIOV) and Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 ETF (IVOO) have volatilities of 4.51% and 4.46%, respectively, indicating that both stocks experience similar levels of price fluctuations. This suggests that the risk associated with both stocks, as measured by volatility, is nearly the same. The chart below showcases a comparison of their rolling one-month volatility.

Volatility by Period

	VIOV	IVOO	Difference
Volatility (1M) Calculated over the trailing 1-month period	4.51%	4.46%	+0.05%
Volatility (6M) Calculated over the trailing 6-month period	11.49%	11.38%	+0.11%
Volatility (1Y) Calculated over the trailing 1-year period	18.38%	15.56%	+2.82%
Volatility (5Y) Calculated over the trailing 5-year period, annualized	21.95%	19.73%	+2.22%
Volatility (10Y) Calculated over the trailing 10-year period, annualized	23.89%	21.20%	+2.69%

VIOV vs. IVOO - Expense Ratio Comparison

Both VIOV and IVOO have an expense ratio of 0.10%, making them cost-effective options compared to the broader market, where average expense ratios typically range from 0.3% to 0.9%.

Dividends

VIOV vs. IVOO - Dividend Comparison

VIOV's dividend yield for the trailing twelve months is around 1.57%, more than IVOO's 1.19% yield.

Position	TTM	2025	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017	2016	2015
IVOO Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 ETF	1.19%	1.35%	1.30%	1.25%	1.58%	1.14%	1.23%	1.49%	1.56%	1.22%	1.37%	1.45%
VIOV Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Value ETF	1.57%	1.69%	1.78%	2.18%	1.81%	1.59%	1.42%	1.60%	1.76%	1.43%	1.17%	1.32%

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I hold both VIOV and IVOO in my portfolio?

With a correlation of 0.90, VIOV and IVOO move almost identically. Holding both adds very little diversification - you're essentially doubling your position in the same market segment. Choosing one is usually more capital-efficient.

Which is riskier, VIOV or IVOO?

VIOV has higher volatility (4.51%) compared to IVOO (4.46%). In terms of maximum drawdown, VIOV dropped -47.36% vs IVOO's -42.33%.

Which ETF is better, VIOV or IVOO?

On 10-year performance, IVOO leads with 11.22% vs 10.37% for VIOV. Both ETFs have the same 0.10% expense ratio. Their volatility is very similar. The better choice depends on whether you care most about return, fees, risk, or income.

Which ETF has performed better, VIOV or IVOO?

Over the 10-year period, IVOO has performed better with a 11.22% return vs 10.37%. Past performance does not guarantee future results, so compare this with risk, fees, and fund exposure.

Which ETF is cheaper, VIOV or IVOO?

VIOV and IVOO have the same expense ratio: 0.10% per year.

Which ETF pays a higher dividend yield, VIOV or IVOO?

VIOV has the higher dividend yield at 1.57%, compared with 1.19% for IVOO.

What is the main difference between VIOV and IVOO?

VIOV is categorized as Small Cap Value Equities, while IVOO is Small Cap Growth Equities. VIOV tracks S&P SmallCap 600 Value Index, while IVOO tracks S&P MidCap 400 Index.

Which has better risk-adjusted returns?

VIOV currently has the higher Sharpe Ratio (2.28 vs 1.75), meaning it's delivered slightly more return per unit of risk over the trailing 12 months. However, this ranking shifts over time - use the Risk/Return Score above for a more comprehensive view that combines Sharpe, Sortino, and other measures used by quantitative funds.